Lecture Exam Lower Limb Questions

Question 1

Which of the following bones form the posterior portion of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

Sacrum

Question 2

It is common for elderly patients to experience a decrease in bone density as they age. This condition is referred to clinically as Osteoporosis. Review the angle of inclination on the femur. Recall that this is the biochemically favorable angle created by the head of the femur as it sites within the acetabulum. Similar to the proximal end of the humerus, the femur also has two necks: surgical and anatomical. If we think about the location of the anatomical neck, it is directly inferior to the head. As such, there is a force experienced at this location that is not experienced elsewhere. If you have a patient with osteoporosis, how might this impact the anatomical neck of the femur?

Answer 2

It will cause the neck to weaken and fracture from normal bone stress. The fracture would cause the person to fall.

Question 3

There are unique characteristics for male and female pelves. Forensic scientists use these differences to their advantage. As such, there are two pelves in the lab taken from an archeology site for identification. Specimen 1 has a narrow pelvic brim and outlet, deep sciatic notch, and more prominent bone markings. Specimen 2 has a slight forward tilt, pelvic arch of 55, and ventral sacral promontory. What can you deduce about the two specimens?

Answer 3

. Both specimens are male

Question 4

Which of the following is not found on the proximal end of the tibia?

Answer 4

Lateral malleolus

Question 5

The most common fractures of the ankle are located at the medial and lateral malleoli?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Clubfoot cannot be treated.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

One could argue that the knee is the most complex joint in the body. Although the synovial joint capsule, extracapsular and intracapsular ligaments, bursa, patellar ligament, patella, and quadriceps tendon adds structural integrity to this joint, it is still frequently prone to injury in both contact and noncontact sports. Female athletes are particularly at risk for injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to that statistic?

Answer 7

Females have slower muscle reaction time
Female-specific hormones affect joint laxity
Females have a wider pelvis
Females have a narrower intercondylar fossa

Question 8

Cartilage tears, particularly in the meniscus, is capable of healing itself if given rest and anti-inflammatory drug therapy.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

During the 17th to 19th centuries in the United Kingdom, rich middle-aged noble men commonly experienced painful swelling within their joints, usually of the feet. Due to their wealth and status, these individuals regularly treated themselves to red meat and fine whiskey. What condition did these men suffer from

Answer 9

Gout

Question 10

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings):

Answer 10

Extend the thigh at the hip and flex the leg at the knee

Question 11

With the exception of the short head of biceps femoris, all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the:

Answer 11

tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

Question 12

Which muscle is considered part adductor and part hamstring in motion?

Answer 12

Adductor Magnus

Question 13

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg, both superficial and deep, are innervated by which of the following?

Answer 13

Tibial nerve

Question 14

All muscle on the sole of the foot, found in all four layers, are innervated by the tibial nerve.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The gluteus medius is an important muscle for walking.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

You are concerned that a patient has atherosclerosis in the femoral artery. What is something you can do in the examination room to at least confirm there is a compromise in blood flow through this artery?

Answer 16

Check the pulse in the popliteal artery

Question 17

Which of the following is the prime mover for dorsiflexion?

Answer 17

Tibialis anterior

Question 18

All hamstring muscles have a common origin from the:

Answer 18

Ischial tuberosity

Question 19

During plantar flexion:

Answer 19

The toes are pointed down

Question 20

Compression of lumbar spinal nerves could significantly affect gait. Which of the following muscles would NOT be affected during this occurrence

Answer 20

piriformis

Question 21

The sciatic nerve is actually comprised of two nerves: the femoral and tibial nerves.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

The tibial nerve innervates muscles in the thigh, leg, and foot.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

A patient is admitted to the ER with a deep penetrating wound to the buttocks. Upon examination, the patient cannot flex their leg at the knee or move the foot at the ankle. Which of the following nerves have been severed?

Answer 23

Sciatic nerve

Question 24

“Footdrop” is observed in a patient who has sustained a crushing injury to the neck of the fibula. Which of the following nerves have been damaged

Answer 24

Common fibular nerve

Question 25

Which of the following is commonly used during a coronary bypass surgery?

Answer 25

saphenous vein