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Biology 102 > Lecture Exam 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 classes of Echinodermata?

A 
Asteroidea (Sea Star)
Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars)
Crinoidea (Sea lilies, Feather stars)
Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers)
Ophiuroidea (Brittle Stars)
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2
Q

What are some main characteristics of Phylum Echinodermata?

A
  • Spiny Skinned Animals
  • deuterostomes
  • tubefeet- used for locomotion & respiration
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3
Q

What Phylum do the Classes Asteroidea, Echinoidea, Crinoidea, Holothuroidea, and Ophiuroidea belong to?

A

Echinodermata

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4
Q

Animal associated with the class Asteroidea?

A

Seastar & starfish

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5
Q

Animal associated with the class Echinoidea?

A

Sea urchins & sand dollars

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6
Q

Animal associated with the class Crinoidea?

A

Sea lilies & feather stars

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7
Q

Animal associated with the class Holothuroidea?

A

sea cucumbers

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8
Q

Animal associated with the class Ophiuroidea?

A

brittle stars

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9
Q

What are some main characteristics of Phylum Chordata?

A
  • called chordates
    4 Characteristics
    1) Notochord- flexible, rod like structure on dorsal side. made for support and becomes vertebral column.
    2) Dorsal hollow nerve cord - between notochord & back surface. Becomes the brain and spinal cord.
    3) Pharyngeal pouches/slits- openings for respiration (gas exchange)
    4) Post anal tail - tail beyond the anus
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10
Q

Dorsal Hollow Nerve cord? Phylum?

A

between notochord & back surface. Becomes the brain and spinal cord. Phylum Chordata

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11
Q

Notochord? Phylum?

A

lexible, rod like structure on dorsal side. made for support and becomes vertebral column. Phylum Chordata

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12
Q

Pharyngeal pouches/slits? Phylum?

A

openings for respiration (gas exchange). Phylum Chordata

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13
Q

What are the subphylums of Phylum Chordata?

A
  • Subphylum Cephalochordata (lancelets)

- Subphylum Vertebrata ( 7 classes)

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14
Q

Characteristics of subphylum Cephalochordata? Phylum it belongs to?

A

Phylum Chordata

  • lancelets (little worm like thing)
  • Invertebrates
  • motile
  • segmented bodies
  • adults keep all 4 characteristics
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15
Q

Classes of Subphylum Vertebrata?

A
  • Agnatha (jawless fish)
  • Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish-sharks, skates, rays)
  • Osteichthyes (bony fish, trout)
  • Amphibia (amphibians, frogs, toads, salamanders, newts)
  • Reptilia (reptiles, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocs, alligators)
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16
Q

Characteristics of class Agnatha?

A
  • jawless fish
  • no bony structure
  • skeleton of cartilage
  • no collagen in body
  • smooth body
  • no scales/fins
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17
Q

Characteristics of class Chondrichthyes?

A
  • cartilaginous fish, sharks, skates, rays
  • skeleton of cartilage
  • 5-7 gill slits with no operculum (covering)
  • rough skin with placoid scales
  • lateral line
  • no swim bladder, store oil in liver for buoyancy
  • cloaca:opening for 3 systems (digestive, urinary, reproductive)
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18
Q

Characteristics of class Osteichthyes?

A
  • Bony fish
  • skeleton of bones
  • operculum over gills
  • swim bladder present
  • lateral line
  • oviparous development- fertilization outside of the body
  • lobe finned: fins supported by muscles and bones
  • ray finned: fins supported by thin pieces of bones (rays)
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19
Q

Characteristics of class Amphibia?

A
  • amphibians, frogs, toads
  • moist and smooth skin, no scales
  • no tails, only in salamanders and tadpoles
  • 3 chambered heart
  • breathing (Gills by larvae, Lungs by adults)
  • oviparous development
  • cloaca
  • ectothermic poikilothermic- cannot regulate body temp through metabolism*
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20
Q

Characteristics of class Reptilia?

A
  • reptiles, turtles, snakes, lizards, crocs, alligators n shit
  • thick dry skin
  • scales
  • all have tails
  • 3 chambered heart (crocodile has 4)
  • respiration by lungs
  • cloaca
  • oviparous & ovoviviparous(internal fertilization)
  • amniotic egg - has tissue layers that protect egg (soft)
  • ectothermic
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21
Q

Characteristics of class Aves?

A
  • birds
  • modified scales - feathers
  • no teeth, beak
  • light skeleton
  • large breast muscles
  • lungs for respiration, air sacs
  • 4 chambered heart
  • cloaca
  • internal fertilization
  • hard amniotic egg
  • endothermic & homeothermic: can regulate body themp through metabolism
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22
Q

Characteristics of class Mammalia?

A
  • mammals
  • hair on body
  • females provide milk for young
  • 4 chambered heart
  • respiration through lungs
  • endothermic & homeothermic
  • viviparous- internal fertilization, young born alive after being nourished inside mothers body
23
Q

3 groups of mammals?

A

1) placental- develop in mothers uterus, attached to placenta, very advanced
2) marsupials- start development inside and finish outside mother in a pouch. (kangaroos)
3 monotremes- lay eggs (platypus and echidna anteater)

24
Q

Endothermic/homeothermic?

A

Animals that produce their own heat and have a constant body temperature.

25
Q

Ectothermic/poikilothermic?

A

Animals that gain heat through the environment and adjust body temp to the environment around them.

26
Q

4 major animal tissues?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Connective
  • Muscle
  • Nervous
27
Q

Epithelium tissue purpose?

A

forms coverings & linings over organs & surfaces.

  • closely packed cells
  • avascular ( no blood vessels in them)
28
Q

Connective tissue purpose?

A

to connect and bind structures together

-loosely packed cells

29
Q

Muscle tissue purpose?

A

specialized for contraction to produce movement.

30
Q

Nervous tissue purpose?

A

specialized to conduct electrical signals throughout body.

31
Q

Simple squamous?

A

Epithelium cells. Single layer of flat cells

  • scale like
  • Function: diffusion, filtration
  • Location: lungs, kidneys
32
Q

Simple cuboidal?

A

Epithelium cells. single layer of cube shaped cells.

  • Function: secretion & absorption
  • Location: kidneys & glands
33
Q

Simple columnar?

A

Epithelium cells. single layer of column shaped cells.

  • Function: secretion & absorption, movement with cilia
  • Location: stomach & intestines
34
Q

Pseudo stratified ciliated columnar?

A

Epithelium cells. FALSE single layer of cells with different heights.
Function: movement & secretion
Location: trachea & bronchi

35
Q

Stratified squamous?

A

Epithelium cells. Many layers of flat cells
F- protection
L- epidermis (skin)

36
Q

Exocrine epithelium?

A

secretes products into ducts that empty onto a surface

ex. salivary glands, sebaceous, sudoriferous

37
Q

Endocrine epithelium?

A

secrete hormones into bloodstream

ex. thyroid, adrenal.

38
Q

Loose (areolar) tissue?

A

Connective
jelly like, made up of different fibers
F-support organs, bind structures together, provide elasticity
L-under skin

39
Q

Adipose tissue?

A

Connective
Fat tissue, same as areolar but with many adipocytes (fat cells)
F-protects organs, insulation
L-under skin, around organs

40
Q

Cartilage tissue?

A

Connective
Hyaline; made up of large network of collagen fibers
F- support, strength, structure
L- around joints , trachea, larynx

41
Q

Bone tissue?

A

Connective
same as hyaline, but with blood vessels & nerves and crystalized salts
F- movement, structure, support, protection, storage of minerals, blood cell protection
L- within skeleton

42
Q

Blood tissue?

A 
Connective
made up of formed elements (3 Blood cells-
1)erythrocytes- red blood cells
2)leukocytes- white blood cells
3) platelets
F- transport medium
L- within blood vessels
43
Q

Skeletal Muscle tissue?

A

long, cylindrical striated fibers
F- voluntary movement
L- attached to skeleton

44
Q

Smooth Muscle tissue?

A

spindle-shaped fibers, non striated
F- involuntary movement
L-in hollow organs (stomach, intestines, blood vessels)

45
Q

Cardiac Muscle tissue?

A

short, cylindrical, striated fibers = branching
F-involuntary movement
L-walls of heart

46
Q

Nervous Tissue Characteristics?

A

Don’t regenerate

  • made up two cells
    1) neuroglia- support, protect + insulate neurons
    2) neuron-send electrical signals throughout body
47
Q

Characteristics of Feedback loops?

A

1) receptor- cells that sense changes
2) control- brain + spinal cord
3) effector- muscle, gland or organ that produces a response

48
Q

Negative Feedback Loop?

A

original stimulus is stopped or slowed down then to balance

ex. blood pressure regulation, body temperature regulation

49
Q

Positive Feedback Loop?

A

original stimulus is continued to reach an endpoint then to balance
ex. blood clotting

50
Q

Definition: Homeostasis

A

a balance, the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment in changing external environments
-Nervous system is the #1 controller of homeostasis

51
Q

Definition: Ectoderm

A

outer tissue, (skin & nervous system)

52
Q

Definition: Mesoderm

A

middle, (muscles, bones, heart)

53
Q

Definiton: Endoderm

A

inner, (digestive & urinary)

54
Q

Definiton: Cloaca

A

Opening for 3 different systems

  • digestive
  • urinary
  • reproductive

Biology 102 (3 decks)

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