Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS 308 > Lecture exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

anatomy

A

Study of structure of body parts and their relation to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

physiology

A

the function of body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

regional anatomy

A

specific regions and how the different systems work together in that region (cell tissue organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

systemic anatomy

A

focuses on anatomy of different organ systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

characteristics of life

A

organization, homeostasis, metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why are red blood cells concave?

A

to maximize the amount of hemoglobin that it can hold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

metabolism

A

anabolism + catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

stimulus

A

a signal to which an organism responds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

4 main levels of organization in the body

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how many cells

A

over 200 different types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how many organs

A

78-315

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tissues

A

group of similar cells that share common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organ

A

two or more tissues working together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmit signals for communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

muscle cells

A

specialized to contract; can be voluntary or involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

epithelial cells

A

line the body and hollow organs and vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

avascular

A

no blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

exocrine glands

A

have ducts and secrete to epithelium surface
ex: sweat and salivary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endocrine glands

A

no ducts; hormone released into blood
ex: pituitary and adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

connective tissue

A

anchors and links structures to body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endocrine system

A

provides communication between cells of the body through the release of hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

nervous system

A

provides communication between cells of the body through electrical signals and the release of neurotransmitters into small gaps between certain cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

supports the body; allow voluntary movement of the body; allow facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports molecules throughout the body into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

respiratory system

A

brings oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

urinary system

A

filter the blood to regulate acidity, blood volume, and ion concentrations; eliminates wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

digestive system

A

breaks down food and absorbs it into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

reproductive system

A

generates offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

immune system

A

defends body against pathogens and abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

integumentary system

A

protects the body from external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

lymphatic system

A

returns leaked fluids to blood vessels; also helps you get rid of germs that can harm you

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

sensor

A

detects changes and sends signals to the control center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

control center

A

sets the range of values within which a variable should be maintained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

effector

A

responds to signals from the control center to effect change in a variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

postive feedback

A

reinforces change; increase variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

negative feedback

A

counteracts stimulus; decrease variable

37
Q

endergonic reactions

A

products have higher energy that reactants: requires energy input to build materials

38
Q

exergonic reactions

A

reactants have higher energy than products: releases energy when materials break down

39
Q

anabolic pathways

A

consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones

40
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

anabolic reaction in which two monomers are linked by a covalent bond and a water molecule is formed (endergonic)

41
Q

hydrolysis

A

catabolic reaction in which the covalent bond linking the monomers is broken by the addition of water molecule atoms (exergonic)

42
Q

catabolic pathways

A

releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into singular compounds

43
Q

properties of water

A

cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing/water has phase changes, versatility as a solvent

44
Q

hydration shell

A

when an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules

45
Q

acid

A

increases H+ of a solution

46
Q

base

A

decrease H+ of a solution

47
Q

inorganic compounds

A

usually don’t contain carbon, generally don’t come from earth, generally simple molecules
ex: water

48
Q

organic compounds

A

always contain C & H and usually O, N, sometimes S, P,
originate in organisms,
generally complex molecules
ex: proteins

49
Q

reactants

A

substances that enter into a reaction

50
Q

intermediates

A

substances formed in the middle of a reaction

51
Q

products

A

end results of a reaction

52
Q

monosaccharides

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

53
Q

disaccharides

A

maltose, sucrose, lactose

54
Q

polysaccarides

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose

55
Q

glycogen is stored in

A

liver, muscles, brain, uterus

56
Q

amphiphilic

A

polar and nonpolar group

57
Q

purines

A

double ringed; A & G

58
Q

pyrimidines

A

single ringed; C, U, & T

59
Q

how big are cells

A

40 micrometers

60
Q

transmission electron microscope

A

used to study the internal structure of cells

61
Q

microfilaments

A

forms terminal web
protein = actin

62
Q

intermediate filaments

A

gives cell shape
protein depends on tissues

63
Q

microtubules

A

hold organelles in place
protein = tubulin

64
Q

genetic flow of information

A

DNA - RNA - Protein

65
Q

tight junctions

A

membranes of neighboring cells are pressed together, preventing leakage of extracellular fluid

66
Q

desmosomes

A

fasten cells together into strong sheets; intermediate filaments anchor from center of the cell

67
Q

gap junctions

A

provide cytoplasmic channels between adjacent cells for electrical or chemical signaling

68
Q

primary active transport

A

membrane protein uses ATP energy directly to pump against concentration gradient

69
Q

secondary active transport

A

membrane protein uses concentration gradient energy created by a different ATP dependent pump

70
Q

vesicular transport

A

membrane vesicles bud off membrane to transport molecules wholesale

71
Q

endocytosis

A

cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane

72
Q

exocytosis

A

transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents outside the cell

73
Q

kinetic energy

A

associated with motion

74
Q

thermal energy

A

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules

75
Q

heat

A

thermal energy in transfer between objects

76
Q

potential energy

A

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

77
Q

chemical energy

A

potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

78
Q

chemical work

A

pushing endergonic reactions; synthesis of polymers

79
Q

transport work

A

pumping substances against the direction of spontaneous movement; against a concentration gradient

80
Q

mechanical work

A

such as contraction of muscle cells

81
Q

redox reaction

A

chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants

82
Q

oxidation

A

a substance loses electrons or is oxidized

83
Q

reduction

A

a substance gains electrons or is reduced

84
Q

reducing agent

A

electron donor

85
Q

oxidizing agent

A

electron receptor

86
Q

endocrine signaling

A

cells/glands release hormones that act of distant target cells in the body via blood vessels

87
Q

paracrine signaling

A

form of signaling or cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells

88
Q

autocrine signaling

A

subclass of paracrine signaling for self-cells; binds to cell-surface receptors on the same cell that produced it

89
Q

juxtacrine signaling

A

contact of surface molecules in neighboring cells

BMS 308 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions