Lecture Exam 1

Question 1

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

• support
• protection
  -movement
• electrolyte and acid/base

Question 2

structures of long, flat, irregular, and short bones

Answer 2

• long bones (body movements)
• flat bones (protection & muscle attachment)
• short bones ( bending in multiple directions)

Question 3

Components of bone

Answer 3

Bone matrix – organic 1/3 of bone
inorganic 2/3 of bone
Matrix is calcified/ossified/mineralized

Question 4

Function of bone marrow

Answer 4

Red – mainly in children
Yellow – mainly in adults
Our body usually is red (adults) and then as we get older it turns to yellow

Question 5

Ostegogenic cell

Answer 5

“Stem cells” that give rise to other bone cells

Question 6

Osteoblasts cell

Answer 6

Make and deposit bone matrix (deposition) Blast = building

Question 7

Osteoclasts

Answer 7

Take minerals from the bone (resorption) Clast= ‘cut’

Question 8

Osteocytes

Answer 8

Found in lacunae
Bone remodeling

Question 9

Explain how bone is formed

Answer 9

Develops into hyaline cartilage, thickens the cartilage, and produces osteoblasts

Question 10

How is the epiphyseal plate differ from the epiphyseal line?

Answer 10

Epiphyseal plate is known as the growth plate – and the elongation stops in adulthood which becomes the epiphyseal line

Question 11

What does interstitial growth accomplish?

Answer 11

It lengthens bones
Takes place only in cartilage

Question 12

What does appositional growth accomplish?

Answer 12

Widens bones
Takes place in cartilage and bone

Question 13

Changes to skeletal system has a person ages

Answer 13

Bone mass decreases at age of 30 density higher in men

Question 14

Where can fibrous joint be found?

Answer 14

Sutures – in skull
Syndesmoses –tibia & radium
Homophones – teeth

Question 15

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 15

Synchondroses – hyaline cartilage
Symphyses – fibrocartilage

Question 16

6 types on synovial joints

Answer 16

Ball and socket – multiaxial (shoulder & hip)
Consolid – biaxial (wrist & fingers)
Saddle – biaxial (base of thumb)
Gliding – biaxial (carpals)
Hinge – Monaxial (elbow)
Pivot – monaxial ( elbow & knee)

Question 17

Functions of muscle

Answer 17

• Movement
• Stability
• Heat production
• Constriction of organs and vessels

Question 18

3 types of muscle

Answer 18

• Cardiac
• Smooth
• Skeletal

Question 19

Functions of Contractile

Answer 19

Muscles pull by shortening

Question 20

Functions of excitable

Answer 20

Chemical, mechanical signals cause electrical changes across the membrane

Question 21

Functions of extensible

Answer 21

Stretch between contractions

Question 22

Functions of elastic

Answer 22

Return to original length after stretching

Question 23

What are the different components of a whole muscle from smallest to largest

Answer 23

• Filaments (smallest)
• Fibrils
• Fibers
• Fascicles

Question 24

What is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a muscle fiber?

Answer 24

Cisternae

Question 25

What are striations?

Answer 25

Striated muscle has alternating dark and light bands

Question 26

Describe the structure of smooth muscle

Answer 26

Cells are fusiform
No striations or sarcomeres
Protein plaques