LECTURE EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six habits of mind that guide our work in this class (U-ABC-IT)?

A

Use evidence
Ask questions
Be skeptical
Cultivate wonder
Identify confusions
Think like a biologist

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2
Q

How do Biologists Define a Living Thing

What are common functions of living things?

A
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3
Q

How do Biologists Define a Living Thing

What
are common structures of living things?

A
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4
Q

How do Biologists Define a Living Thing

What is the Cell Theory of living things?

A
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5
Q

How do Biologists Define a Living Thing

Which of the following are
considered to be alive and why:
proteins?
bacteria?
yeast?
prions?
DNA?
candles?
chemical reactions?
Water?

A
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6
Q

How do Biologists Define a Living Thing

How would you evaluate an unknown specimen to determine if it’s living?

A
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7
Q

Size and Scale

Which is usually bigger, an organelle or a cell?

A
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8
Q

Size and Scale

Which is usually bigger, a glucose molecule or a
cell?

A
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9
Q

Size and Scale

Which is usually bigger, a DNA molecule or a carbon atom?

A
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10
Q

Size and Scale

Which is usually bigger, a virus or a protein molecule?

A
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11
Q

Size and Scale

Where are organelles
like mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotes thought to have come from?

A
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12
Q

Altoids and Mad Cow Disease

How would you respond to someone who told you not to eat Altoids because they cause mad cow disease? What evidence were you able to find to confirm or refute this link? From what types of sources did you get this evidence? (primary, secondary, tertiary, hearsay) What kinds of authors usually write the information in these different types of sources? Which type of source is usually more credible? What are prions and are they considered living?

A
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13
Q

Four Classes of Biological Macromolecules

What are the four main classes of biological macromolecules and their primary functions? What are examples of each of these four?

A
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14
Q

Molecular Bonds and the Structure of Water

How would you explain the difference between covalent and hydrogen bonds?

A
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15
Q

Molecular Bonds and the Structure of Water

Draw three molecules of water correctly, including the hydrogen bonds between the molecules.

A
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16
Q

The Structure of DNA

What is DNA made of and what are the key features of the structure of DNA?

A
17
Q

The Structure of DNA

Where are the phosphates, sugars, and nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

A
18
Q

The Structure of DNA

What is the purpose of hydrogen bonds? Are they weak or strong?

A
19
Q

The Structure of DNA

What are the similarities and differences between DNA, genes, chromosomes, and genomes?

A
20
Q

The Structure of DNA

How would you calculate the percentage of the four nuleotide bases in a DNA molecule only knowing the percentage of one of the bases?

A
21
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What are the similarities and differences in the composition of DNA, RNA and protein? Where are each of these located within the cell?

A
22
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

How does DNA code for RNA? How does RNA code for protein?

A
23
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What are codons?

A
24
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What are the functions of DNA, RNA and protein?

A
25
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

Explain what the terms transcription and translation refer to.

A
26
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What percentage of the human genome codes for protein?

A
27
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What is known about ‘junk’ DNA?

A
28
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What are introns, exons, promoters and telomeres?

A
29
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

What are introns, exons, promoters and telomeres?

A
30
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into an RNA sequence:
3’ CGTAAGCGGCT 5’

A

5’ GCAUUCGCCGA 3’

31
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein

The following RNA strand was produced::
5’ AAAAUGAGUAAG 3’

What was the original DNA strand that this RNA strand was transcribed from?

A

3’ TTTTACTCATTC 5’