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Ortho > Lecture Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the core values of the PTA?

A
  • accountability
  • altruism
  • compassion/caring
  • excellence
  • integrity
  • professional duty
  • social responsibility
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2
Q

what is the purpose of the PTA algorithm?

A

to reflect current policies & positions on the problem-solving processes used by PTAs in the provision of selected interventions

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3
Q

define strength

A

the ability of a mm to generate force that’s intended to increase mm strength & mass

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4
Q

how does strength change during the lifespan?

A

strength decreases as you age

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5
Q

what are different methods to measure mm strength?

A
  • MMT
  • cable tensiometry
  • dynamometry
  • isotonic 1 rep lift
  • isokinetics
  • functional strength assessment
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6
Q

what are factors that influence strength?

A
  • intensity of resistance exercise (weight)
  • volume of exercise (sets & reps)
  • age
  • gender
  • PMHx
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7
Q

name and describe the types of mm fibers

A

type l: slow twitch
- for endurance activities
- fatigue resistant
- aerobic work
type ll: fast twitch
- fires with more force
- provides power, speed, & strength

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8
Q

name & describe the different types of mm contractions

A

isometric: hold the contraction
isotonic:
- concentric: slow & controlled up
- eccentric: slow & controlled down
isokinetic: speed/velocity is held constant by a machine

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9
Q

name and describe the parameters used to guide progression of strength training

A
  • exercise order: big mm before small///multi jt before single jt///high intensity before low
  • frequency: how often?
  • duration: how long?
  • volume: how many sets/reps?
  • intensity
  • rest intervals
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10
Q

what does S.A.I.D stand for, and what is the SAID principle?

A

Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands

the body will adapt according to the type of training that is used, so training needs to be specifically tailored to meet goals

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11
Q

name & describe the types of training used under the SAID principle

A
  • specificity of training: the specific & predictable adaptations a mm goes through in response to specific training
  • transfer training: there can be a carryover effect from one exercise/task to another
  • reversibility: adaptive changes in response to specific training are reversible (USE IT OR LOSE IT)
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12
Q

overload principle

A
  • for a muscle to adapt & get stronger, you have to overload
  • it challenges the mm to perform at a greater level to improve its performance
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13
Q

DOMS

A

delayed onset muscle soreness
- diffuse, general soreness
- pain
- swelling
- tenderness
- reduced ROM
- stiffness
- decreased strength

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14
Q

what are treatment options for DOMS?

A

NSAIDS
exercise
TENS unit

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15
Q

name the types of exercise programs for building strength

A
  • DeLorme
  • Oxford
  • DAPRE
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16
Q

describe the DeLorme Program

A

incremental increase in resistance
first, establish 10 rep-max weight

1x10, 50% of 10RM
1x10, 75% of 10RM
1x10, 100% of 10RM

17
Q

describe the Oxford program

A

incremental decrease in resistance as the mm fatigues
first, establish 10 rep-max weight

1x10, 100% of 10RM
1x10, 75% of 10RM
1x10, 50% of 10RM

18
Q

describe the DAPRE program

A
19
Q

describe how strength training is tailored to the older adult population

A
  • start with low resistance & reps (increase slowly)
  • avoid high resistance to decrease stress on jts
  • 2-3x/week with 48 hour rest break
  • use a balance of flexion & extension exercises

studies show best at 3x8, 80% of 1RM/3x a week for 12 weeks

20
Q

describe how strength training is tailored to the younger population

A
  • submax resistance exercises
  • non ballistic slow, controlled motions
21
Q

define & describe plyometrics

A

definition: intense power generating exercises
often used at the end of rehab programs

  • jumping
  • skipping
  • hopping
  • throwing/catching a weighted object
22
Q

describe an open kinetic chain (OKC)

A
  • distal segment moves
  • independent jt movements
  • movement of body segments distal to the moving jt only
  • typically NWB
  • resistance is applied to the moving distal segment
  • external stabilization
23
Q

describe a closed kinetic chain (CKC)

A
  • distal segment remains fixed/in contact with support surface
  • interdependent jt movements
  • movement of body segments may occur distal and/or proximal to the moving jt
  • mm activation occurs in multiple mm groups, both distal & proximal to the jt
  • resistance is applied to multiple moving segments
  • internal stabilization
24
Q

what is V02 max?

A

the measure of the body’s ability to use O2/the max amount of O2 used per minute when performing at max effort
- ml per kg of weight per minute

25
Q

describe the average V02 max for men, women, and elite athletes

A

men: 45%
women: 30-35%
elite athletes: 80-90%

26
Q

what are some effects of deconditioning?

A

causes a decrease in:
mm mass
strength
CV function
total blood, plasma, & heart volume
orthostatic & exercise tolerance
bone mineral density

27
Q

aerobic training causes an increase in:

A
  • size & number of mitochondria
  • myoglobin content (O2 binding protein)
  • mobilization & use of fat & carbs
  • blood volume & hemoglobin
28
Q

aerobic training causes a decrease in:

A
  • resting HR & submaximal HR
  • systolic & diastolic BP
  • adipose tissue
29
Q

what effect does aerobic training have on type l mm fibers?

A

causes selective hypertrophy of these slow twitch, oxidative mm fibers

30
Q

what are 2 ways to determine the intensity of activities or exercises?

A

MHR
Karvonen’s formula
BORG scale

31
Q

what is the formula to find the max HR for moderate & vigorous activity?

A

220-age = MHR

moderate =
(MHR)(.50) lower limit
(MHR)(.70) upper limit

vigorous
(MHR)(.70) lower limit
(MHR)(.85) upper limit

32
Q

what is Karvonen’s formula?

A

looks at HR reserve
exercise HR = (HR max - resting HR)(%) + resting HR

33
Q

describe the BORG scale

A

goes 6-20
6 = no exertion
20 = very, very hard exertion

34
Q

define flexibility & why is it important?

A

the ability to move a single jt or series of jts smoothly & easily through unrestricted, pain free ROM

important to be able to do functional, day-to-day tasks

35
Q

define hypermobility & hypomobility

A
  • hypermobility: excessive ROM
  • hypomobility: decreased ability or restricted ROM
36
Q

what is a contracture?

A

shortening of a mm tendon unit & other soft tissues that cross/surround a jt
results in significant resistance to passive/active stretch & limits ROM

37
Q

name and describe the parameters used for a long term increase in mm strength

A

intensity & duration
LOW LOAD, PROLONGED STRETCH

38
Q

describe static stretching

A

soft tissues are elongated past the point of tissue resistance with a sustained stretch over a period of time

39
Q

describe ballistic stretching

A

rapid, forceful, intermittent stretch; high speed intensity

Ortho (5 decks)

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