Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
The science dealing with body functions is called
physiology
arm
brachial
shin
crural
anterior knee
patellar
chest
thoracic
cheek
buccal
hip
coxal
You are asked to take a person’s heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse
on the posterior side of the knee
You are asked to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer
in the armpit
You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the
anterior side of the elbow
The epidermis is __________ to the dermis.
superficial
The abdominal cavity is ________ to the vertebral cavity.
anterior
The pericardial cavity is __________ to the plural cavities.
medial
The arm is _______ to the forearm.
proximal
The dorsal or posterior body cavity is the site of which of the following?
the brain
The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane
the lining of the thoracic cavity
________ feedback mechanisms reverse the change in a controlled state caused by an external stimulus.
negative
A human red blood cell is placed in seawater.
The seawater is ___________ compared to the intracellular solution.
hypertonic
A human red blood cell is placed in seawater.
In which direction will the water move? Assume that the membrane is impermeable to solutes.
it will move out of the cell
A human red blood cell is placed in seawater.
What will happen to the shape of the cell?
the cell will shrink
A human red blood cell is placed in distilled water.
The distilled water is __________ compared to the intracellular solution.
hypotonic
A human red blood cell is placed in distilled water.
In which direction will the water move?
into the cell
A human red blood cell is placed in distilled water.
What will happen to the shape of the cell?
the cell will shrink
Passive transport processes
involve movement of a substance down its concentration gradient
A type of transport protein found in the plasma membrane of cells lining the inside of the intestine allows sodium ions to diffuse down their concentration gradient. The ions move through the transport protein, and into the cell. These transport proteins will use the kinetic energy of the diffusing sodium ions to bring glucose into the cells as well, against its concentration gradient. This process would best be described as
secondary active transport with a symporter
The myocardium (cardiac muscle tissue) must rhythmically contract for a lifetime. This requires a considerable amount of energy production by the cells. You would expect to see a relatively high amount of which organelle in these cells?
mitochondria
Colchicine is a drug that can prevent the formation of microtubules. Which is the most likely effect colchicine would have on cell division?
It would arrest mitosis at prophase by preventing the formation of spindle fibers
Mitosis
is the division of the genetic material within the nucleus.
The numbers listed represent the number of electrons in the first, second, and third electron shells, respectively. On this basis, which of the following is a reactive atom?
2, 8, and 1
Atom X has 17 protons. How many electrons are in its valence shell?
7
If atom Z has an atomic number of 74 it would have which of the following?
37 protons and electrons
Select the correct statement about isotopes.
Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number, but differ in their atomic mass.
How would two water molecules orient with each other?
letter c
When DNA is replicated, it is necessary for the two strands to “unzip” temporarily. Choose which bonding type is most appropriate for holding the two strands together.
H2O
What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
secondary structure
Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the:
removal of a water molecule between two units
A patient is hyperventilating. The “blowing off” of excessive carbon dioxide causes a decrease in blood H+ concentration. How can the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system function to correct this imbalance?
H2CO3 dissociates to form more H+ and higher pH
How is hyaline cartilage different from elastic cartilage or fibrocartilage?
Fibers are not normally visible.
Which of the following is a modification of the simple columnar epithelium that allows for efficient absorption along portions of the digestive tract?
microvilli
Which of the following epithelia forms the walls of the air sacs across which gas exchange occurs in the lungs?
simple squamous
Connective tissue extracellular matrix is composed of:
fibers and ground substance
Which of the following is not found in areolar connective tissue?
chondrocytes
Which of the following is true about epithelia?
Epithelial tissues are avascular.
Which of the following is true about the mode of secretion of exocrine glands?
Merocrine glands are not altered by the secretory process.
Which tissue type is formed by many cells joining together, each contributing a nucleus?
skeletal muscle
Choose which modification would line the uterine tubes and function as a “conveyer belt” to help move the fertilized egg towards the uterus.
cilia
Cells spend most of their time in ____________ within the cell cycle.
interphase
In the presence of water and the enzyme sucrase, sucrose can be broken down into its component monomers: fructose and glucose. What is this process?
hydrolysis
Gases such as O2 and CO2 travelling through the plasma membrane down their concentration gradients is an example of __________.
simple diffusion
Using the information below, how could this cell INCREASE its intracellular calcium (Ca) concentration?
Concentration of Calcium (Ca):
Inside the cell (intracellular environment) = 3% calcium
Outside the cell (extracellular environment) = 1% calcium
It could use active transport to transport extracellular Ca into the cell.
The plasma membrane is made of phospholipids. What is responsible for its structure? Select all that apply.
The tails face toward the inside of the membrane because they are uncharged and hydrophobic and the heads face out (toward the water) because they are polar and hydrophilic.
Glial cells are responsible for nourishment and protection. Where can they be found?
connective tissue
Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?
melanin
In the figure of the sagittal section of the fingernail above, where are the cells dividing to elongate the fingernail?
a
True or False: Tissues consisting of cells that have entered the G0 phase are very unlikely to be able to replace themselves after sustaining severe damage.
true
Which layer of the epidermis will be supplied with the highest levels of oxygen from the blood?
stratum basale
A needle would pierce the epidermal layers of the forearm in which order?
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
Which epidermal cell has a role in immunity and disease resistance?
keratinocytes
Which type of exocrine gland is a simple, coiled tubular gland that is found throughout almost the entirety of the skin?
eccrine sudoriferous gland
“Goosebumps” are caused by
the action of arrector pili muscles
The first step in tissue repair involves:
inflammation
William has a cut that is superficial and painful, but not bleeding. Based on this information, you would predict that the cut has penetrated to:
the stratum basale, but not the dermal layers
Which of the following is the correct order of events during epidermal wound healing?
The stratum basale cells detach from their basement membrane, stratum basale cells migrate across the wound, stratum basale cells cease migration, and basal cells divide.
If a man is heterozygous for an autosomal dominant disorder, will he suffer the effects of the disorder?
yes
All of the offspring of a black hen and a white rooster are grey. What is the simplest explanation for this inheritance pattern?
incomplete dominance
Copying this message into a molecule that can reach the ribosome is called
transcription
Cell produces pigment that helps to prevent mutations in dividing cells
i. melanocyte
present only in thick skin.
b. stratum lucidum layer
Responsible for detection of cutaneous sensation
b. cutaneous receptor
where are the cells that are actively dividing to form the hair?
g
Which letter corresponds to the internal root sheath?
b
Which letter corresponds to the cuticle of the hair root?
a
Which letter corresponds to the structure that determines the color of your hair?
f
blood glucose regulation
negtive feedback
heart rate control
positive feedback
platelet plug formation
positive feedback
childbirth
positive feedback
Lines blood vessels and the inside of the heart.
Endothelium
Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Mucous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior.
Mucous membrane
Makes up the pleura and pericardium
Serous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines closed ventral cavities of the body.
Serous membrane
Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Cutaneous membrane
Cardiac muscle
c
skeletal muscle
e
Simple cuboidal epithelium
b
Stratified squamous epithelium
d
