Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MODA Drugs > Lecture Course 3: Cardio And Renal > Flashcards

Lecture Course 3: Cardio And Renal Flashcards

0
Q

Flecainide

A

Na channel blocker.
Class IC antidysrythmic.
No effect on AP but very slow association and dissociation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Spermine

A

Intracellular polyamide which acts as a valve in inward rectifying potassium channels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amiodarone

A

Prolongs the cardiac AP and thus also the refractory period
Can block both inward Na and outward K - complex mechanism
Used for ventricular dysrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Digoxin

A 
Cardiac glycoside
Inhibit NaKATPase
[Ca]i ≈ Na³
Calcium extrusion reduced
Used in treatment of congestive heart failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Digitoxin

A 
Cardiac glycoside
Inhibit NaKATPase
Cai ≈ Na³
Calcium extrusion reduced
Used in treatment of congestive heart failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ouabain

A 
Cardiac glycoside
Inhibit NaKATPase
Cai ≈ Na³
Calcium extrusion reduced
Too potent for use in treatment of congestive heart failure.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 agonist. Sympathomimetic agent.
Used in congestive heart failure, esp in shock. Intravenous.
Positive ionotropic effect but may also increase rate, and increases O2 demand
May cause dysrhythmia, potentiate hypertension, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bisoprolol

A

B1 antagonist

Used to treat heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Carvedilol

A

B1 blocker

Used to treat heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Milrinone

A

PDE type III inhibitor (potentiates cGMP)
Inodilator. May produce dysrhythmia.
Prevents cGMP breakdown which causes similar effects to b blockers
Vasodilation in smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dipyridamole

A

PDE V inhibitor.
Raises intracellular cAMP
Used in treatment of heart failure

Also blocks transport of adenosine into cell, thus prolonging neurotransmitter action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Caffeine

A 
Methyxanthine.
Non selective PDE inhibitor
Increases intracellular calcium
A1 and A2 antagonists 
-> positive ionotropic and chronotrophic effects
May lead to dysrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Theophylline

A 
Methyxanthine.
Non selective PDE inhibitors
A1 and A2 antagonists 
-> positive ionotropic and chronotrophic effects
May lead to dysrhythmia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pimobendan

A

Inodilator - inhibits PDE III
‘calcium sensitiser’ - increases cardiac calcium binding efficiency without requiring greater energy
Used in treatment of canine dilated cardiomyopathy and mitral valve regurgitation, especially Dobermen!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Levosimendan

A

Inodilator - inhibits PDE III
‘calcium sensitiser’ - increases cardiac calcium binding efficiency without requiring greater energy
Used in human medicine in other countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Streptokinase

A

Anti clot drug
Binds plasminogen activator to activate Plasmin
Plasmin inhibits factor 7, 5 and Thrombin

16
Q

Plasmin

A

Serine protease, activated by anti clot drugs
Hydrolyses Arg-Lys bonds
Targets 7a, 5a, thrombin

17
Q

Anistreplase

A

Combination of plasminogen and anisoylated streptokinase
Streptokinase activates Plasmin
Anisoyl group removed in blood - prolonged activity
Anti clot drug

18
Q

Alteplase & duteplase

A

Recombinant human tissue plasminogen activator
Greater activity on plasminogen bound to fibrin clot -> localises action
Activates Plasmin - targets 7a, 5a, thrombin
Anti clot drug
Alteplase = single chain
Duteplase= double chain

19
Q

Aspirin

A

Prevents platelet aggregation/bridging by inhibiting ADP binding to platelets
Often used in this respect alongside Clopidogrel

20
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting ADP binding to platelet receptor
Used in combination with aspirin

21
Q

Eptitibatide

A

Anti clot drug
Cyclic heptapeptide inhibitor
Inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa which causes platelet aggregation in conjunction with fibrinogen

22
Q

Tirofiban

A

Anti clot drug
Non peptide inhibitor
Inhibits glycoprotein IIb/IIIa which causes platelet aggregation in conjunction with fibrinogen
Prevention of myocardial infarction in older patients

23
Q

Abciximab

A

Monoclonal antibody against vitronectin receptor on platelets, endothelial and vascular smooth muscle
Vitronectin involved in cell adhesion and haemostatis
Used with coronary angioplasty for coronary artery thrombosis

24
Q

Heparin

A

Endogenous/injectable Anticoagulant, produced by basophils and mast cells
Binds antithrombin IIIA (ATII) to expose its active site
Activated enzyme inactivates thrombin and Xa
Treatment for DVT, myocardial infarction, unstable angina and as a prophylactic drug to prevent clots forming during surgery

25
Q

Warfarin

A

Oral anticoagulant
Inhibits synthesis of thrombin, VII, IX, X and regulatory protein factors C, S, Z via enzyme ATII
Also used to prevent clot formation on prosthetic heart valves
Interacts with food and drink chemicals :/

26
Q

Dabigatran

A

New anticoagulant
Thrombin inhibitor via ATII a
Atrial fibrillation drug/short term prophylactic to prevent clotting in hip/knee replacement surgery

27
Q

River ouabain

A

Factor Xa inhibitor

Used in atrial fibrillation/temporary prophylactic

28
Q

Aminocaproic acid or tranexamic acid

A

Prevents severe bleeding during excessive clot lysis

Inhibits plasminogen activation

29
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
- decrease NaHCO3- re absorption
- > nateuresis

Mostly obsolete as a diuretic, used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma

30
Q

Mannitol

A

Osmotic diuretic
Small molecule that is filtered via the glomerular apparatus
No reabsorption but retains osmotic pressure
-> less H₂O efflux
-> less Na efflux
Maintains urine flow.
Used acutely to treat cerebral oedema

31
Q

Furosemide and Bumetanide

A

Loop diuretics
Fast acting: within an hour orally, within 10 minutes IV
Venodilatory action precedes diuretic

Blocks NaKCC in thick aLoH
Powerful - 15-25% filtrate excretion

Problems :
Hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis
Calcium and magnesium loss
Uric acid excretion reduced ~> gout

32
Q

hydrocholorothiazide and bendroflumethazide

A

Thiazide diuretic
Act in DCT by inhibiting NaCl cotransporter
Problems:
- hypokalaemia (do NOT combine with cardiac glycosides) and metabolic alkalosis
- Uric acid excretion down (gout)
- increases Mg excretion, decrease calcium excretion

33
Q

amiloride and triamterene

A

Potassium sparing diuretic
Block apical sodium channels in late DCT, a major side of potassium loss
Often combined with loop or thiazide diuretics

MODA Drugs (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions