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Anatomy Exam 2 > Lecture Concepts > Flashcards

Lecture Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal means

A

Wall

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2
Q

Purpose of serosas?

A

Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that prevent frictions and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

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3
Q

Four components of serosas

A

parietal serous layer, serous fluid, visceral serous layer, pleura

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4
Q

If sack around heart pinned from bottom up, what layer is pinned first?

A

Parietal serous pericardium

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5
Q

If sack around heart pinned from top up, what layer is pinned first?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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6
Q

What vessel is contained in paraconal groove?

A

Great coronary vein

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7
Q

What vessel is contained in coronary groove?

A

Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

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8
Q

What vessel is contained in subsinuosal groove?

A

Middle cardiac (coronary) vein

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9
Q

What connects lungs to mediastinum?

A

Pulmonary ligaments (only caudal lungs)

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10
Q

In the dog the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed of

A

Entirely skeletal muscle

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11
Q

In the dog the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed of

A

Skeletal to smooth muscle (smooth muscle predominant in caudal portion)

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12
Q

Left lateral view, suspect diverticulum, how to check?

A

Make sure that the order is pulmonary trunk > aorta > esophagus, esophagus should be right + behind aorta

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13
Q

Right lateral view, suspect diverticulum, how to check?

A

Caudal + cranial vena cava > Aorta > Esophagus

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14
Q

Coronary artery gives rise to

A

Right and left coronary arteries

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15
Q

Coronary arteries responsibility

A

Supply oxygen rich blood to heart

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16
Q

Only what side of azygos vein develops in the dog and cat?

A

Right

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17
Q

Aortic arch location

A

Where aorta bends caudally

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18
Q

Aortic arch branches

A

Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian

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19
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk branches

A

Continues into left and right common carotid arteries and right subclavian

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20
Q

Left common carotid artery runs

A

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk, runs into neck on respective side

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21
Q

Right common carotid artery runs

A

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk, runs into neck on respective side

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22
Q

Right subclavian a goes to

A

Right thoracic limb

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23
Q

Left subclavian or brachiocephalic, which is more dorsal?

A

Left subclavian

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24
Q

Vertebral a supplies

A

Veterbra, hypaxial/epaxial m, spine

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25
Q

Costocervical trunk supplies

A

First 3 intercostal spaces

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26
Q

Superficial cervical a supplies

A

Muscles and structures most superficial in neck

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27
Q

Axillary a. supplies

A

Thoracic limb (mama <3)

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28
Q

Internal thoracic a. supplies

A

Intercostal spaces ventrally

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29
Q

List the names of the arteries branching off of the left subclavian

A

Vertebral a
Costocervical trunk
Superficial cervical a
Axillary a
Internal thoracic a

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30
Q

What branches off of ascending aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

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31
Q

What branches off of descending aorta in thoracic cavity?

A

Bronchoesophageal
Dorsal intercostal

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32
Q

Dorsal intercostal aa., which rise from costocervical trunk?

A

1-3

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33
Q

Dorsal intercostal aa., which rise from descending aorta?

A

4-13

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34
Q

Ventral intercostal aa. arise from what?

A

Internal thoracic a.

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35
Q

Dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries do what

A

Anatamose

36
Q

Thoracic duct carries lymph from

A

Cisterna chyli

37
Q

Thoracic duct carries lymph from cisterna chyli to the

A

Venous system cranial to the heart

38
Q

The thoracic duct usually drains into

A

Jugular vein, cranial vena cava, or left brachiocephalic vein

39
Q

Thoracic duct runs with

A

Aorta and azygos v.

40
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

Heart, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, thymus, vessels, nerves

41
Q

Plica vena cava

A

Thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

42
Q

What sits in the space (mediastinal recess) formed by the plica vena cava and mediastinum?

A

Middle lobe of right lung

43
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Fibromuscular cords that attach cusps to papillary muscles

44
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Conical muscular projections in the ventricles (usually 3 main muscles), give rise to chordae tendinae

45
Q

Caudal lobe of right lung is close to

A

Accessory lobe

46
Q

Cranial lobe of right lung is close to

A

Middle lobe

47
Q

When in doubt I think that caudal lobe is

A

Bigger and/or pointier

48
Q

Right side of lung has how many lobar bronchi

A

4

49
Q

Left side of lung has how many lobar bronchi

A

2

50
Q

Functional divisions of nervous system

A

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

51
Q

Anatomical divisions of nervous

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

52
Q

What make up the central nervous system?

A

Encephalon and spinal cord

53
Q

What makes up peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial nerves (12 pairs)
Spinal nerves (36 pairs)
Nerves and trunks of autonomic nervous system

54
Q

Somatic nervous system is…

A

Voluntary

55
Q

Autonomic nervous system is..

A

Involuntary
Smooth m, heart, glands

56
Q

What are nuclear cortex?

A

Very specific somas of CNS

57
Q

What are a group of CNS somas called?

A

Grey matter

58
Q

In the CNS, somas are located

A

Peripheral external layer in encephalon only

59
Q

Axons in the CNS are called

A

White matter

60
Q

The kind of fibers in CNS axons are

A

Association
Projection
Commissural

61
Q

Somas and axons of the CNS are called

A

Reticular formation

62
Q

Net of nuclei and axons in encephalon and spinal cord are called

A

Reticular formation

63
Q

What are PNS somas called?

A

Ganglion

64
Q

Ganglion of PNS may or may not have

A

Synapses outside of spinal cord

65
Q

There are no nerves in the

A

Encephalon

66
Q

Names of axons in PNS

A

*Nerve, root, trunk, branch

67
Q

Is there a reticular formation of PNS?

A

No

68
Q

The cells in the borders of the neural groove form the

A

Neural crests

69
Q

The cells of neural crests will form most of the

A

Peripheral nervous system (ganglia and spinal nerves)

70
Q

Cranial end between spinal cord and brainstem (Cranial limit)

A

Pyramidal decussation

71
Q

Caudal end of spinal cord name and location

A

Medullary cone; Between L6 and L7

72
Q

The thoracic region of the spinal cord is ; because

A

Very narrow, not many nerves needed

73
Q

Intumescence meaning

A

Expanded area of spinal cord; segments that give origin to the nerves supplying the thoracic and pelvic limbs

74
Q

Cervical intumescence location and innervation

A

C6-T2 - Thoracic limb innervation

75
Q

Lumbar intumescence location and innervation

A

L4-S3 - Pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera innervation

76
Q

Pseudounipolar neurons

A

Only one direction

77
Q

Which neuron is pseudounipolar?

A

Afferent / sensory

78
Q

Which part of the afferent/sensory neuron is pseudounipolar?

A

Spinal ganglion

79
Q

Spinal nerves long or short?

A

Short

80
Q

What communicates spinal nerve with sympathetic trunk?

A

Communicating branch

81
Q

What connects nerves?

A

Communicating branch

82
Q

What is an anastomosis?

A

Connects tubular organs

83
Q

Spinal nerves will have communicating branches only where

A

Thoracic and lumbar?

84
Q

What does meningeal branch do

A

Innervates meninges (dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid)

85
Q

Dorsal root ganglion is also known as a

A

Spinal ganglion

86
Q

Dorsal branch divided into

A

Dorsal rootlets and ventral rootlets

Anatomy Exam 2 (4 decks)

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