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FDSC200 > lecture-chapter4 > Flashcards

lecture-chapter4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is chemistry?

A

the study of makeup structure, properties of substances and the changes that occur to them. the study of matter.

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2
Q

what is atom?

A

smallest unit of any elemental substance that maintains the characteristics of that substance.

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3
Q

what make up an atom?

A

subatomic particles.

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4
Q

what does nucleus contain(central core of an atom)?

A

+change protons and neutrons-no charge.

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5
Q

where is -charged electrons?

A

spin around the nucleus in an orbital.

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6
Q

what is an element?

A

substance that contains only one kind of atom.

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7
Q

what determine the element of an atom?

A

the number of protons.

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8
Q

what are elements organized by?

A

structure and chemical properties in the periodic table.

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9
Q

what is a system of symbols used to?

A

identify elements.

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10
Q

what does Chart show?

A

how elements relate and react to one another.

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11
Q

what does each cell give?

A

the symbol of the chemical element and includes the atomic number and atomic mass.

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12
Q

what is atomic number?

A

number of protons in the nucleus in each atom of that element.

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13
Q

what is atomic mass?

A

sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons in an atom.

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14
Q

what does organization of the cell indicates?

A

how elements interact chemically.

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15
Q

how are elements are grouped?

A

metal(left)or nonmetals(right)

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16
Q

what are compounds?

A

substance in which 2 or more elements chemically combine

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17
Q

what is the basic unit of any compound?

A

molecule

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18
Q

what is table salt?

A

Na-Cl

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19
Q

what is chemical formula?

A

combination of symbols of elements making up a compound that represents one molecule or unit of a compound. Has the symbol and subscript numbers of atoms for each element in the compound.

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20
Q

what does- know how to read a chemical formula help?

A

identify the elements in the substance.

e.g. H20–>2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom.

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21
Q

what can chemistry formulas indicate?

A

how atoms are arranged in a molecule.

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22
Q

what does structural formula for carbon based compounds show?

A

how atoms connect to the carbons.

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23
Q

what is acetic acid chemical formula?

A

C2H4O2

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24
Q

what is acetic acid structural formula?

A

CH3COOH

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25
Q

what is chemical bond?

A

force that holds 2 atoms together.

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26
Q

what form bond?

A

electrons

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27
Q

how many e- does each orbital contain?

A

2

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28
Q

what is shell?

A

the space around the nucleus with one or more orbitals.

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29
Q

how many shells does atoms have(max)?

A

7

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30
Q

when are atoms most stable?

A

when outer shell is full of e-

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31
Q

when are atoms not stable?

A

share or transfer e- from another atom.

32
Q

what does each colun,group in the periodic table have?

A

same number of e- in the outermost shell.

33
Q

when does an ionic bond occur?

A

e- are transferred from one atom to another.

34
Q

what does ionic bond creates?

A

a -charge in one atom and a +charged charge in the other.

35
Q

what is ion?

A

an atom with a + or - electrical charge

36
Q

what is cation

A

+ charge ion

37
Q

what is anion

A
  • charge ion
38
Q

what happen to identical charge?

A

repel each other

39
Q

what happen to opposite charge?

A

attract each other

40
Q

what are the 3 characteristics for the substances with ionic bonds?

A
  • have a crystalline晶体的structure
  • dissolve in water
  • metals and nonmetals
41
Q

when does covalent bond form?

A

atoms share one or more pairs of e-

42
Q

how to form water?

A

oxygen share 2 e- in its outer shell with 2 hydrogen atoms.

43
Q

how many shells (max) can surround the nucleus? how many e- can first shell hold? how many e- can the rest shell hold?

A

7
2
8

44
Q

what is lewis structure?

A

shorthand option of diagramming a valence electron

45
Q

how many e- can a shell hold max?

A

8

46
Q

how a e- be represented? and what is valence e- ?

A

by dot next to the symbol.

e- in partially full shells that are likely to be shared or transferred.

47
Q

when does a double bond form?

A

when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of electrons.

48
Q

what does the number of valence e- around the atoms equals to?

A

the number of balance e- in the molecule.

49
Q

what is the pure substance?

A

the matter in which all the basic units are the same. -grouped as elements or compounds.

50
Q

how does the compounds categorized?

A

organic compounds or inorganic compounds.

51
Q

what does organic compounds contain?

A

chains or rings of carbon

52
Q

what does inorganic compounds contain?

A

no carbon or only single carbon atoms.

53
Q

what are mixtures?

A

substances that are put together but not chemically combined.

54
Q

what does homogeneous mixtures have?

A

a uniform统一的 distribution of particles.

55
Q

what does heterogeneous mixtures have?

A

a nonuniform distribution of particles.

56
Q

what are most homogenous mixtures?

A

solution in which a solute is dissolved by a solvent.

57
Q

what does a physical change involve?

A

changing shape, size, temp and physical state.

58
Q

what is phase change?

A

a physical change in visible structure without changing the molecular structure.

59
Q

Any phase change is an example of _?

A

reversible physical change.

60
Q

when is a chemical change occur?

A

whenever new substances with different chemical and physical properties are formed.

61
Q

what will change if a different chemical and physical properties are formed?

A

produce a change in color, odor, or flavor or releases a gas.

62
Q

what will physical and chemical changes be?

A

may or may mot be reversible.

63
Q

what are fluids?

A

substances that have characteristics of liquids and gases.

64
Q

what type of fluids have characteristics of liquids and solids?

A

non-newtonian fluids.

65
Q

what are chemical formulas used to?

A

represent the compounds involved in a chemical change.

66
Q

what are reactants?

A

chemical formula on the left side.

67
Q

what are products?

A

chemical formula on the right side.

68
Q

what does the law of conservation of matter state?

A

matter can be changed, but not created or destroyed. –shown in chemical equations.

69
Q

how can equations must balance by?

A

having the same number of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

70
Q

what are atoms composed of?

A

– a nucleus containing protons and neutrons – electrons moving about outside the nucleus

71
Q

what is periodic table?

A

a chart that shows how elements relate and react to one another

72
Q

what do atoms create? how?

A

form ionic and covalent bonds to create molecules and compounds.

73
Q

what does pure substances have? what is pure substances?

A

same basic units.

mixtures are substances put together, but not chemically combined

74
Q

how can changes to food compounds be described?

A

both physical and chemical

75
Q

what are chemical equations used to?

A

describe chemical changes

FDSC200 (8 decks)

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