Lecture/Chapter 1: Intro

Question 1

Research studies in abnormal childhood psych seek to? (4)

Answer 1

• Define normal and abnormal behaviour for children of different ages, sexes, and ethnic and cultural backgrounds
• Identify the cases and correlates
• Predictions long-term outcomes
• Develop treatment and prevention

Question 2

Reasons for skepticism about research in abnormal child psych (4)

Answer 2

• Experts often disagree
• Mainstream media oversimplifies studies
• Findings conflict with one another
• Different treatments work for different reasons

Question 3

Difference between science and pseudo science?

Answer 3

• Quality of evidence
• How evidence was obtained
• How evidence is presented

Question 4

Epidemiological research is…

Answer 4

The study of incidence, prevalence and occurrence of disorders

Question 5

1. Incidence Rates?

2. Prevalence Rates?

Answer 5

1. The extend to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specific period of time
2. All cases (new and existing) observed during a specific time period

Question 6

Correlates?

Answer 6

Variables associated at a particular point in time

- No evidence that one precedes the other

Question 7

1. Risk Factors?

2. Protective Factors?

Answer 7

Both variables that precede an outcome of interest
1- Increase the chance of a negative outcome
2- Decrease the chances of a negative outcome

Question 8

Treatment efficacy vs. treatment effectiveness

Answer 8

Efficacy= Whether a treatment can produce changes under well-controlled (research) conditions
Effectiveness= Whether the treatment can be shown to work in clinical practice

Question 9

Standardization

Answer 9

• Application of certain standards or norms to a technique to ensure consistency in the way it is used by different assessors and across measurement occasions.
• Standardized tests are reliable and valid

Question 10

Internal vs. External Validity

Answer 10

Internal= The extent to which a particular variable, rather than extraneous influences, accounts for the findings
External= How findings can be generalized to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics

Question 11

Comorbidity

Answer 11

The simultaneous occurrence of two or more disorders

Question 12

Views:
Before the 18th Century
By the end of the 18th Century

Answer 12

Before- Children were subject to harsh treatment and largely ignored
By the end- Interest in abnormal child behaviour has surfaced

Question 13

John Locke (17th Century)

Answer 13

Believed children should be raised with thought and care, not indifference and harsh treatment

Question 14

Jean-Marc Itard (19th century)

Answer 14

Focused on the care, treatment, and training of “mental defectives”

Question 15

Leta Hollingworth

Answer 15

Distinguished individuals with mental retardation (“imbeciles”) from those with psychiatric disorders (“lunatics”)

Question 16

Benjamin Rush

Answer 16

• Claimed that children were incapable of adult-like insanity
• Children with normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behaviour suffer from “moral insanity”

Question 17

Late 19th Century

Mental Illnesses viewed as?

Answer 17

Biological problems

Question 18

Clifford Beer

Answer 18

His efforts led us to detection and intervention

• Beginning of empathy when talking about this
• Good until people started to think it was biological. That’s when the eugenics and stuff started ):