Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Control and Movement > Lecture 9: The thigh and knee > Flashcards

Lecture 9: The thigh and knee Flashcards

1
Q

What is the lumbosacral plexus?

A

outflow from lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord
The nerve network that innervates the lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the lumbosacral plexus located?

A

Located in the abdomen and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many branches does the lumbosacral plexus give rise to?

A

3 major branches that provide the motor and sensory innervation of the lower limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 major branches of the lumbosacral plexus?

A

Femoral
Obturator
Sciatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why do femoral fractures occur in young people?

A

as a result of high energy trauma and blood loss from the femur can be significant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the thigh bone called?

A

Femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the distal femur articulate with the tibia?

A

At the knee joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the femur lie in the body?

A

Obliquely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the knee joint lie in relation to the hip joint?

A

Directly below the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What returns body weight to the midline?

A

The angulation of the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is the fibula part of the knee joint?

A

No, But it is an important site for one of the posterior thigh muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of the IOM?

A
  1. Transfers force between tibia and fibula so not all resting on tibula.
  2. Prevents infection spreading from one bone to another
  3. Helps keep the bones at a reasonable distance from one another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 3 bones are involved at the knee joint?

A

distal femur
proximal tibia
patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What movements does the knee joint allow for?

A

allows flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 3 articulations that occur at the knee joint?

A

2 femorotibial
1 femoropatellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the stability of the knee come from? (3)

A

surrounding muscles
menisci (cartilage)
ligaments inside (intra-articular) and outside (extra-articular) the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the menisci?

A

Tibial plateau deepened by 2 plates of fibrocartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the menisci usually thicker?

A

Thicker at external margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Name 5 functions of the menisci?

A

1.Increase joint congruency
2. Distribute weight evenly
3.Shock absorption
4. Assist in locking mechanism
5.External edges attach to the fibrous capsule of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When is the knee most stable and congruent?

A

Extension of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When is the knee least stable and congruent?

A

Flexion of the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What shape is the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Cord-like band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is the lateral collateral ligament attached to meniscus?

A

NOT attached to meniscus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

Prevents adduction of the leg at the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What shape is the medial collateral ligament?

A

Flat band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Is the medial collateral ligament attached to the meniscus?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the function of the medial collateral ligament?

A

Prevents abduction of the leg at the knee

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the two functions of the Anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL)?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of tibia on femur
Prevents hyperextension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When is the ACL usually injured?

A

Injury occurs when knee is hyperextended or force is applied anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the 3 functions of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents posterior displacement of tibia on femur
Prevents hyperflexion
Main stabiliser of the flexed knee when weight bearing e.g. walking down hill

32
Q

When is the PCL usually injured?

A

Can be injured when landing on the tibial tuberosity with the knee flexed

33
Q

What is usually injured along with the Medial (tibial) collateral ligament?

A

The medial meniscus as they are attached

34
Q

What is the function in the muscles that cross the knee?

A

move and stabilise the knee

35
Q

How many compartments do we classify the thigh muscles into?

A

3

36
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh muscles?

A

anterior, posterior, and medial

37
Q

What are the muscles of the thigh separated by?

A

fascial septae

38
Q

What are the muscles of the thigh enclosed by?

A

fibrous sleeve called the fascia lata

39
Q

Where do extensors of the knee lie?

A

Anterior thigh

40
Q

Where do the flexors of the knee lie?

A

Posterior thigh

41
Q

What compartment of the thigh do muscles act on the hip joint?

A

Medial thigh

42
Q

What is the anterior thigh mostly innervated by?

A

Most innervated by the femoral nerve

43
Q

What does the anterior thigh muscles act upon?

A

Act on the hip, knee, or both

44
Q

What are the different muscles in the anterior thigh?

A

Iliopsoas
Pectineus
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
TFL

45
Q

What does the Iliopsoas muscle do?

A

flexes the hip

46
Q

What does the Pectineus muscle do?

A

flexes & adducts the hip

47
Q

What does the Quadriceps femoris muscles do?

A

4 muscles
“the quads”.
Extend the knee;
1 also flexes the hip

48
Q

What does the satorius muscle do?

A

ASIS > medial tibia. Flexes hip, laterally rotates hip and flexes the knee

49
Q

What does the TFL muscle do?

A

Flexes the hip.
Stabilises the knee

50
Q

What innervates the Quadriceps femoris?

A

Femoral nerve: L2-4

51
Q

How do the quad muscles form?

A

All 4 muscles converge onto quadriceps tendon > over patella > patella tendon attaches to tibial tuberosity

52
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the Quadriceps femoris?

A

Vastus intermedius: anterior femur

Vastus lateralis: G. trochanter & linea aspera

Vastus medialis: intertochanteric line & linea aspera

Rectus femoris: AIIS – so also flexes the hip

53
Q

Are the quads extensors or flexors?

A

Powerful extensors of the knee

54
Q

What is found in the Femoral triangle?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Vein

55
Q

Do the femoral bundle lie deep or superficially?

A

Superficially

56
Q

What leaves the femoral artery at the thigh?

A

Profunda femoris

57
Q

What major superficial vein drains into the femoral vein?

A

Great saphenous vein

58
Q

What is the femoral nerve’s function?

A

innervates anterior thigh muscles, skin of anterior thigh and a branch called the saphenous n. innervates skin of medial aspect of leg and foot

59
Q

How many muscles make up the adductor group of the medial thigh?

A

3

60
Q

What muscles make up the adductor group of the medial thigh?

A

Adductor brevis: body of pubis & inf ramus > pectineal line (just inferior to lesser trochanter) & linea aspera
Adductor longus: body of pubis > middle 1/3 linea aspera
Adductor magnus, a deeper muscle

61
Q

What innervates the medial thigh?

A

Obturator n. (L2-4)

62
Q

What makes up the two parts of the Adductor magnus in the medial thigh?

A

Adductor part: inf pubic ramus > gluteal tuberosity & linea aspera ( = obturator n.)
Hamstring part; ischial tuberosity> adductor tubercle (= tibial n.)

63
Q

What is the adductor hiatus?

A

passage way through for femoral artery and vein into popliteal fossa

64
Q

What is the obturator externus found in the medial thigh?

A

margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane > trochanteric fossa
Lateral rotator

65
Q

What other muscles are found in the medial thigh?

A

Gracilis (weakly flexes knee too) body & inf. ramus > tibia
Pectineus (femoral n.): sup. pubic ramus > pectineal line
Obturator externus: a deeper muscle (next slide)

66
Q

Where does the obturator nerve originate?

A

L2-L4

67
Q

Where does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Nerve of the medial thigh; muscles and skin

68
Q

Where does the obturator nerve lie?

A

Exits pelvis through the obturator foramen
Overlies adductor brevis
Location along the lateral wall of pelvis means it can be compressed by pelvic / ovarian masses

69
Q

Where does the hamstring arise?

A

ischial tuberosity

70
Q

What is the function of the hamstring?

A

extend the hip, flex the knee

71
Q

What is the hamstring innervated by?

A

tibialischial tuberosity, n.

72
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the posterior thigh?

A

Semimembranosus (medial) > posterior aspect medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus (medial) > medial aspect of superior tibia

Biceps femoris: long head (lateral) > fibular head

Biceps femoris: short head from linea aspera, flexes knee (doesn’t extend the hip). Common fibular n.

73
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh supplied by?

A

Supplied by perforating branches from profunda femoris

74
Q

What is the function of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus?

A

extends hip, doesn’t act on the knee. Tibial n.

75
Q

What shape is the popliteal fossa?

A

Diamond-shaped fossa

76
Q

What are the boundaries of the Popliteal fossa?

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, 2 heads of gastrocnemius (calf muscle)

Control and Movement (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions