Lecture 9: Senses Flashcards

1
Q

light is perceived through __ of sense organs

A

a number

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2
Q

_____ are the most important consist of a group units called ___

A

compound eyes

-ommatidia

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3
Q

in ommatidium a lens..

A
  • a lens focusses light onto the photoreceptor element and then the nerve goes directly into the brain
  • enables insects to see UV and the plant of polarised light
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4
Q

compound eyes appeareance

A
  • pair bulge on each side of the head
  • can be v reduced example flea
  • reduced with individual facets
  • or v large (dragonfly)
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5
Q

Ommatidium structure:

A

TOP
-cuticular lens

  • primary pigment centre: crystalline cone
  • secondary pigment centre: Retinula cell and rhabdome
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6
Q

ommatidium modifications

A
  • eucone eye
  • acone eye
  • exocone eye
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7
Q

Variation in Eucone eyes

A
  • aposition
  • -just day
  • superposition
  • -diurnal,active dawn &dusk as well as day
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8
Q

cuticular lens is

A

sclerotised

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9
Q

light collecting unit

A

rhabdome

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10
Q

retinula cell is

A

transparent

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11
Q

rhabdome consists of a series of stacked

A

microtubules

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12
Q

acone eyes are only found in

A

apterygotes

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13
Q

exocone eye

A
  • massive lens

- nocturnal

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14
Q

insect eyes have no ___ nerve

A

optic nerve, the eye goes straight into the optic lobe

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15
Q

insects eye form a __ image

A

mosaic

-capable of v high resolution or v. good movement perception

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16
Q

insect eye can resolve objects with an angular separation of

A

1 degree

17
Q

insect visual pigment is

A

retinin

18
Q

superposition eye is very __ sensitive

A

light, become dark-adapted

19
Q

insects have 2 sensitivity peaks

A

one in UV one in blue green

20
Q

Ocelli function

A
  • inverted triangle on top of head
  • a single lens but 2 or more rhabdomes
  • v sensitive to diurnal change sin light levels
  • control circadian rhythms & adjust pigment cell movement in superposition eyes
21
Q

stemmata:

A
  • restricted to certain larval holomebolous
  • laterally on head
  • visual acuity is v low
  • coarse mosaic image - detects dark shapes and movement
22
Q

mechanoreception

A

any mechanical distortion of the body

  • touch, vibration, strain & stress
  • huge range of sensitivity
23
Q

mechanoreception: trichoid sensilla

A
  • hairlike
  • in procuticle
  • held in place by resilin loop
  • tubular structure in cuticle is SCOLOPALE with nerve ending in it
24
Q

campaniform sensilla

A

detects distortion in cuticle (stress/strain)

  • smaller hole in cuticle more pressure needed to distort, big hole = easier
  • or by shape (oval)
25
Q

chemoreception

A
  • trichoid sensilla as well
  • smooth & groove
  • groove = chemo ones
  • abundant on antennae, mouthparts & legs
  • nerve endings are exposed through holes in cuticle
26
Q

2 types of chemoreception

A
  • gas phase - olfaction

- liquid phase - contact chemoreception

27
Q

thermal & hygro reception

A
  • water balance & temp important for insects
  • v little about these receptors, no temp receptors identified
  • identified by ablation experiments