Lecture 9 - Molecules In Biologicial Enviromentd Flashcards
What are Polar molecules called
Hydrophilic
What are non polar molecules called
Hydrophobic
How is water a polar molecule
They react with each other via hydrogen bonding and hydrogen bonding is a very powerful driving source, however hydrogen bonding is not just with water, it’s also with proteins, DNA and RNA
What happens if Pka is higher than the PH
90% molecules will be protonated and 10% will be deprotonated
If Pka is equal to the PH
50% is protpmated and 50% is deprotonated
What happens if PH is above the Pka
90% is deprotonated and 10% is protonated
What see the reasonable Pka for the amino acids - carboxyl and amino
Carboxyl - around 2.5
Amino acids- around 9
For proteins what us the why to determine if they have charges or not
Looking at the side chains
How are buffers important in ionisable functional groups
Buffers are really important because imagine if there was a protein that was very important to us and then the PH was to change, for example they may go to instead of positively charged they may change to neutral and because it’s not supposed to be neutral, bad things may happen, therefore buffer is very impotent in the body,
What is chymotrypsin
This is an enzyme that is used to break proteins, it works by a CATALYTRIC TRAID, this is 3 amino acid side chains that work together to catalyse the reaction
Non polar molecules in water and give an example
Non polar molecules in water are hydrophobic
When making the proteins the polar side chains are on the outside while the non polar side chains are in the middle, this is important for a folding of a proton
An example of this can be - phospholipids, if has a polar head and a non polar tail and it forms a membrane, the membrane structure is with the polar tails touching each other and the polar heads on the outside with the water, so the middle is hydrophobic and the outside is hydrophilic
