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MOS 1023 Final > Lecture 9: Merger and Acquisitions; International Finance > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Merger and Acquisitions; International Finance Flashcards

1
Q

What is a acquisition?

A

is the purchase of one firm by another

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2
Q

What is a merger?

A

the merging of 2 equal firms

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3
Q

What is an amalgamation?

A

a genuine merger that both firms approve of

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4
Q

What ratio/ % allows for companies to approve of a resolution?

A

2/3 or 66.7%

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5
Q

When involved in a acquisition, do the shareholders of the acquiring company have to approve?

A

No, shareholders of the target company do

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6
Q

What is a cash transaction?

A

when the acquirer bears all the risk

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7
Q

What is a share transaction?

A

when the acquirer offers shares or shares+cash to the target company

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8
Q

What is a “going private” transaction or issuer bid?

A

when the acquirer during an acquisition already owns majority of the stake

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9
Q

What is the side effect to FTA

A

The US bough out the Canadian minority shareholders removing obstacles to becoming integrated

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10
Q

What is a Fairness Option?

A

and option provided by an expert regarding the true value of a firm’s shares

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11
Q

When can authorities reject takeovers?

A
  1. if there is a national security concern
  2. If the industry is critical to the country
  3. If the amalgamation of the businesses eliminates competition
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12
Q

What is the percentage of the Early Warning and what does it do?

A

10%

requires a report be sent to OSC to notify the company about who owns the shares

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13
Q

What is the necessary percentage to be called a “takeover bid” and what is being done here?

A

20%

he or she is not allowed to buy more shares in open-market without a takeover bid

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14
Q

What percentage is necessary to claim control over a company?

A
  1. 1%
    - can change membership of BOD
    - controls voting decision
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15
Q

What percentage is amalgamation?

A

66.7%

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16
Q

What percentage can you participate in the minority “squeeze out”?

A

90%

This is where you can force minority shareholders to sell shares

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17
Q

What is a toehold?

A

When you acquire 10-20% of target shares to get shares at market price

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18
Q

What is the process of a takeover bid?

A
  1. take over circle must be send to shareholders
  2. Target has 15 days to circulate it as an acceptance or rejection
  3. Bid has to be open for 35 days
  4. shareholder and lender have to sign the authorization
  5. Overlap of 15 days
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19
Q

What is a Coercive Takeover bid?

A

acquirer offers once price for the shares to get control, then lowers it after it gets control

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20
Q

What is the 5% Rule?

A

no tender is required is no more then 5% of outstanding shares have been purchased

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21
Q

What is a Creeping Takeover?

A

a company acquires a target over a long time of accumulating shares

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22
Q

What is a friendly takeover?

A

when the target is willing to be taken over

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23
Q

What steps are involved in a friendly takeover?

A
  1. Offering a memorandum - bank consultation
  2. Data Room- sign a release of confidentiality
  3. Due diligence- evaluate a target company and sign a letter of intent
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24
Q

What is a Non-stop Clause?

A

a clause saying the target will NOT look for another buyer

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25
Q

What is a Break Free?

A

a fee that is paid by either side if one backs out worth 2.5 of the value

26
Q

What is a hostile takeover?

A

When the firm does not want to be taken over but the acquirer has a 20% toehold

27
Q

What are arbs?

A

specialists that predict what happens in takeovers

28
Q

What are the 3 defence tactics during hostile takeovers?

A
  1. Shareholder Rights Plan/Poison pill
  2. Selling the Crown Jewel
  3. While Knight
29
Q

What does the shareholder rights plan do?

A

it is a plan by target company to allow sharehoder to buy 50% more shares at a discount

30
Q

What does the selling the crown jewel do?

A

the target sells everything that appeals to the acquirer

31
Q

What does the White Knight do?

A

someone comes in and rescues the company with a counter bid

32
Q

What is a horizontal merger?

A

a merger between 2 companies in the same industry

33
Q

What is a vertical merger?

A

a merger where 1 firm acquires a supplier (backward) and another firm is closer to the customers (going forward)

34
Q

What is a condomerate merger?

A

a merger between been 2 firms that are unrelated

35
Q

What is a cross-border M&A?

A

a merger where both a Canadian and foreign firm are the target

36
Q

What is unrelated diversification?

A

capitalizing on businesses that have very good financial performance
-> unvalued assets, financial distress, high growth potential

37
Q

What is synergy?

A

the amount by which one firm excess the value of two individual ones

38
Q

What are the 3 ways of operating synergies?

A
  1. Economies of Scale
  2. Economies of Scope
  3. Complementary Strengths
39
Q

What are the parts of economies of scale?

A
  1. Reducing capacity - overcapacity of workers
  2. Spreading Fixed Costs- increase firm size
  3. Geographic synergies- creating a national firm from regional ones “rollup”
40
Q

What is economies of scope?

A

the combo of 2 reduced costs - 2 products share production process

41
Q

What is efficiency increase?

A

when one firm has X/S capacity and can result in job loss

42
Q

What are the benefits of financing synergy?

A
  1. reduced cash flow- decrease external financing
  2. increase in debt capacity- increase with size
  3. Reduction in average issuing costs
  4. Fewer info problems - media exposure
43
Q

What are tax benefits?

A

make better use of tax deduction and credits

-> you cannot use credit if you do not use product

44
Q

Strategic Realignment

A

new strategies that were not feasible before the acquisition

45
Q

What are managerial motivations for M&A?

A
  1. increased firm size

2. Reduced Firm Risk through diversification

46
Q

What is globalization?

A

removal to free trade and integration of national economies

47
Q

What is a multination corporation?

A

a business firm that operates in 1+ countries and the headquarter is in the home country
i love sav

48
Q

What is Transnational Corporation?

A

managed from a global perspective making them controversial due to their zero alliance

49
Q

What are the 6 factors that affect International Business?

A
  1. Exchange Rates
  2. Language
  3. Culture
  4. Legal Systems
  5. Economic Systems
  6. Differences in country risk
50
Q

What are the two economic systems?

A
  1. Centrally planned economics: resources are allocated under a central government
  2. Market Economies: resources are dealt with by market forces
51
Q

What are the goals of international stock market Western stockholder?

A

generate the most money for stockholders

52
Q

What are the goals of international stock market for Europe?

A

increase corporate wealth

53
Q

What are the international stock market goals of Japan?

A

increase wealth and growth of group (Keiretsu)

54
Q

What are foreign exchange markets

A

international markets internets where currencies are sold at wholesale

55
Q

what factors affect currency rates?

A
  • supply and demand
  • relative inflation rates
  • interest rates
  • political and economic risk
56
Q

What are the benefits of foreign market?

A
  • you can transfer purchasing power between 2 currencies
  • pass risk of price inflation
  • channel for imports and exporters
57
Q

Who participates in foreign markets?

A

multinational commercial banks
large investment firms
small currency boutiques
central banks

58
Q

What is spot rate?

A

a rate that one agrees to buy or sell a currency TODAY

59
Q

What is a forward rate?

A

rate that one agrees to buy or sell at a future date

60
Q

What is a currency rate change?

A

value of 1 currency relative to another

61
Q

What is direct quotation method?

A

how much of a home country’s currency is needed to purchase a foreign currency

62
Q

What is indirect quotation?

A

how much of a foreign currency is needed to purchases a home country currency

MOS 1023 Final (3 decks)

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