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323 - anatomy > lecture 9: brainstem > Flashcards

lecture 9: brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 broad functions of the brainstem

A

1) acts as a conduit for info passing to and from the cerebrum

2) contains nuclei for cranial nerves (3-12) (11 is associated with superior cervival region

3) integrative functions (micrutiontion, respiration, cardiovascular, cognition)

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2
Q

explain how the brainstem acts as a conduit for information passing to and from the cerebrum

A

i because it has numerous relay nuclei

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3
Q

the brainstem acts as a conduit for information passing to and from the BLANK

A

cerebrum

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4
Q

the brainstem contains nuclei for which cranial nerves

A

3-12 (except cranial n 11)

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5
Q

the brainstem contains nuclei for cranial nerves 3-12 EXCEPT WHICH and why

A

11 (since its associatd with the upper cervical region of SC)

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6
Q

explain how the brainstem contains nuclei for the cranial nerves 3-12 (except 11)

A

sensory and motor functions of head and neck (except cranial n 10)

cranial nerves are equivalent to spinal n

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7
Q

what are some examples of integrative functions of the brainstem

A

mictruition, respiration, cardiovascular activity, conciousness

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8
Q

true or false: the fornix is part of the brainstem

A

false, it is not

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9
Q

what are some structures of the ventral surface of the brainstem

A

cerebral peduncle
basilar sulcus
olive
pyramid
decussation of pyramids
interpenduncular dossa

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10
Q

is the fornix white or grey matter

A

white matter

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11
Q

what is another name for pituitary stalk

A

infundibulum

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12
Q

what part of the brain is the cerebral peduncle located

A

midbrain

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13
Q

cerebral peduncles are important for sensory or motor pathways

A

motor

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14
Q

what is the space between the cerebral peduncles called

A

interpeduncullar fossa

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15
Q

cranial n 3 passes near what structure in the ventral surface of brainstem

A

near interpenduncullar fossa

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16
Q

where does the basilar a sit on the ventral surface of the brainstem

A

basilar sulcus

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17
Q

where are the cerebral peduncles located in relation to the pons

A

rostral

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18
Q

what are the important structures of the dorsal surface of brainstem

A

medial and spinal lem

cerebellar peduncles (sup, mid, inf)

hypoglossal trogon
vagal trigone
obex

trigeminal tubercle
tuberculum gracilis and cuneatus

facial colliculus
vestibular nucleus
cochlear nucleus

superior colliculs
inferior colliculus

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19
Q

what are 2 important subnucleus of the thalamus on the dorsal surface of the braistem

A

medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus

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20
Q

medial geniculate nucleus
lateral geniculate nucleus

are important for what info

A

visual info and auditory

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21
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

A

midbrain to cerebellum

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22
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

A

pons to cerebellum

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23
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle connects what two structures

A

medulla to cerebellum

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24
Q

what 6 structures make the floor of the 4th ventricle

A

faciscual colliculus
vestibular nucleus
cochlea nucleus

hypoglassal trigone
vagal trigone
obex

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25
Q

where the 4th ventricle comes to a close and connects to the central canal is called the BLANK

A

obex

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26
Q

the tuberculum gracilis contains what important structure for the DCML

A

nucleus gracilis

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27
Q

what is the reticular formation

A

diffuse network of nucleus located throughout the tegmenjtum of the brainstem

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28
Q

the reticular formation is a diffuse network of nucleus located throughout the BLANK of the brainstem

A

tegmemtum

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29
Q

the reticular formationon is continuous with what two structures

A

diencephalic nuclei
intermediate zone in spinal cord

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30
Q

what are the two formations of the reticular formation

A

rostral and caudal

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31
Q

where is the rostral reticular formation located

A

midbrain and rostral pons

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32
Q

the rostral reticular formation is involved in what activity

A

forebrain activity (consciousness)

=attention, arousal and awake

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33
Q

where is the caudal reticular formation

A

caudal pons and medulla

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34
Q

what is the function of caudal reticular formation

A

premotor coordination, reflex and autonomic functions

=cerebullum (spinal border cells, nucleus dorsally)

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35
Q

during development, the neural tube is divided into what two plates

A

alar and basal plates

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36
Q

what are the alar and basal plates divided by

A

shallow groove (sulcus limitans)

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37
Q

alar plate is dorsal or ventral

A

dorsal

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38
Q

alar plate contains sensory or motor info

A

sensory

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39
Q

basal plate contains sensory or motor info

A

motor

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40
Q

baasal plate is ventral or dorsal

A

ventral

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41
Q

add slides about the internal brainstem organization

A
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42
Q

out pouching of mesoderm are called what

A

branchial/ pharyngeal arches

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43
Q

is arch 1 or arch 6 more rostral

A

arch 1

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44
Q

what is derived from arch 1

A

muscles of mastication (CN V)

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45
Q

muscles of mastication (CN V) are derived from what arch

A

arch `

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46
Q

what is derived form arch 2

A

muscles fo facial expression (CN VII)

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47
Q

muscles fo facial expression (CN VII) derived from what arch

A

arch 2

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48
Q

what is derived from arch 3

A

stylopharyngess muscle (CN IX)

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49
Q

stylopharyngess muscle (CN IX) is derived from what arch

A

arch 3

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50
Q

what arch only forms 1 district muscle

A

3

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51
Q

true or false: arch 5 exists permanently

A

false, transiently

52
Q

what is derived from arch 4

A

muscles of soft palate and larynx (CN X)

53
Q

muscles of soft palate and larynx (CN X) are derived from what arch

54
Q

what is derived from arch 6

A

intrinsic laryngeal muscles (CN x, reccurent laryngeal branch)

55
Q

intrinsic laryngeal muscles (CN x, reccurent laryngeal branch) are derived from what arch

56
Q

somatic muscles of the head and neck are derived from what

A

cranial somites (and mesodermal layer)

57
Q

add slides about internal brainstem organization (cross section)

58
Q

true or false: there is vertical organization of the brainstem

59
Q

brainstem nuclei for the same modality are in the same what

A

same vertical (rostral caudal) column

60
Q

do cranial n carry multiple modalities

A

true because they can be associated with more than 1 mnucleisu

61
Q

true or false: there is typically 2 nucleus per modality

62
Q

how many cranial n

63
Q

what are the 12 cranial n

A

olfactory (I)
optic (II)
oculomotor (III)
trochlear (IV)
trigeminal (V)
abducents (VI)
facial (VII)
vestibulocochlear (VIII)
glossopharyngeal (IX)
vagus (X)
spinal accessory (XI)
hypoglossal (XII)

64
Q

what is cranial n 1

65
Q

what is cranial n 2

66
Q

what is cranial n 3

A

oculomotor

67
Q

what is cranial n 4

68
Q

what is cranial n 5

A

trigeminal

69
Q

what is cranial n 6

70
Q

what is cranial n 7

71
Q

what is cranial n 8

A

vestibulocochlear

72
Q

what is cranial n 9

A

glossopharageal

73
Q

what is cranial n 10

74
Q

what is cranial n 11

A

spinal accessory

75
Q

what is cranial n 12

A

hypoglossal

76
Q

which cranial n are only sensory

A

olfactory
optic
vestibulocochlear

77
Q

olfactory
optic
vestibulocochlear are sensory, motor or both

78
Q

what cranial n are motor only

A

trochlear
occulomotor
abducens
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

79
Q

trochlear
occulomotor
abducens
spinal accessory
hypoglossal

are motor or sensory

80
Q

what cranial n are mxied

A

trigeminal
glossapharangeal
facial
vagus

81
Q

trigeminal
glossapharangeal
facial
vagus

is sensory, motor or mixed

82
Q

what is the cranial n that is not only the brainstem

A

trochlear (dorsal aspect of midbrain)

83
Q

what passes thru cribriform plate

A

olfactory n (1)

84
Q

what passes thru optic canal

A

optic n (2)

85
Q

what passes thru superior orbital fissure

A

oculomotor (3)
trochlear (4)
ophthalmic (branch of trigem) (51)
abducens (6)

86
Q

what passes thru foramen rotunda

A

maxillary n (5V2)

87
Q

what passes thru foramen oval

A

mandibular (5v3)

88
Q

what passes thru internal acoustic meatus

A

facial n (7)
vestibulocochlear (8)

89
Q

what passes thru the jugular foramen

A

glossopharyngeal (9)
vagus n (10)
accessory (cranial nerve 11)

90
Q

what passes thru hypoglossal canal

A

hypoglossal n (12)

91
Q

what are the three general divisions of the brainstem

A

midbrain
medulla
pons

92
Q

what are the important structures in the midbrain

A

cerebral peduncles
substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclues
red nucleus
inferior colliuclus
superior colliculs
cranial n nuclei

93
Q

what is the general function of cerebral peduncles in midbrain

A

contacts motor fibers )pyramidal tracs)

94
Q

what is the general function of substantia nigra and subthalamic n in midbrain

A

important structures for basal nuclei (motor function)

95
Q

what is the general function of red nucleus in midbrain

A

rubrospinal tract

96
Q

what is the general function of superior colliculi in midbrain

A

visual relay center

97
Q

what is the general function of inferior collicus in midbrain

A

auditory relax center

98
Q

what are the cranial n nuclei in the midbrain

A

CN III, IV
(1 and 2 not associated with brainstem)

99
Q

what are the important structures in the pons

A

deep pontine nuclei (connections between cerebellum and cerebrum)
transverse pontocerebellar fibers
cranial n nuclei (V, VI, VII, VIII)

100
Q

what are the cranial n nuclei in the pons

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

101
Q

what are the important structures in the medulla

A

pyramids (descending motor fibers (pryamidal tract)
nucleus cuneatus and gracilis (DCML pathway)
CN nuclei (IX, X, XII)

102
Q

true or false and explain: CN nuclei in the medulla are IX, X, XI, XII

A

false only IX, X, XII

XI is associated with superior cervical region

103
Q

what are the three longitudinal divisions of the pons

A

basis (ventral)
tegmentum
tectum

104
Q

what forms the roof of the ventricular system

105
Q

the ventricular system is between what divisions of the brainstem

A

tectum and tegmenjtum

106
Q

motor information/pwathways is mostly in what division of the brainstorm

107
Q

sensory information/pwathways is mostly in what division of the brainstorm

A

edge of tegmenjtum and basis

108
Q

the superior and inferior colliculi are part of what division of the midbrain (either basis, tegmemetum or tectum

109
Q

are the pyramids in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

110
Q

are the cerebral peduncles in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

111
Q

is the the pons in the basis, tegmenjtum or tectum

112
Q

what closes off the 4th venticule

A

superior and inferior medulla vela

113
Q

the superior and inferior medullary vela are part of what division of the brainstem

114
Q

in the neural tube and spinal cord, what are the two divisions of sensory and motor information

A

somatic and visceral

115
Q

in the spinal cord, somatic sensory is located where

A

in the dorsal horns

116
Q

in the spinal cord, somatic visceral is located where

A

closer to midline (lateral horns)

117
Q

in the spinal cord, visceral motor is located where

A

closer to the midline (lateral horns)

118
Q

in the spinal cord, somatic motor is located where

A

anterior horns

119
Q

in the brainstem organization, what is the additional sensory nuclei gained

A

special sensory

120
Q

in the brainstem organization, what is the additional motor nuclei gained

A

branchial motor

121
Q

is the branchial motor nuclei located in the basal plate or the alar plate

122
Q

is the special sensory nuclei located in the basal plate or the alar plate

123
Q

is the sensory information in the brainstem located more lateral or medial

more dorsal or ventral

A

dorsal and lateral

124
Q

is the motor information in the brainstem located more lateral or medial

more dorsal or ventral

A

medial and ventral

323 - anatomy (18 decks)

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