lecture 9 & 3/4 anti-parasitics

Question 1

First line treatment for toxoplasmosis?

Answer 1

pyrimethamine and sufladiazine

Question 2

3 parasitic infections most associated with HIV in US?

Answer 2

Pneumocystis jirovecii, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium

Question 3

pentamidine can cause ____ or ____

Answer 3

hypo, hyperglycemia

Question 4

pentamidine is the first line treatment for ______ as welll as alternative treatment for this HIV associated agent _____

Answer 4

W. African trypanosomiasis; pneumocystosis

Question 5

treatment for giardia: 2 possible

Answer 5

metronidaole, nitazoxanide

Question 6

drug of choice for cryptosporidium

Answer 6

nitazoxanide

Question 7

drug of choice for anaerobic parasites:

Answer 7

metronidazole

Question 8

What is related to metronidazole but has less toxicity?

Answer 8

tinidazole

Question 9

Most important side effect of metronidazole to know:

human enzyme it is thought to inhibit:

Answer 9

nausea, vomiting, discomfort when taken with alcohol (antabuse effect);
thought to inhibit acetaldehyde DH

Question 10

What aminoglycoside has also shown effectiveness in treating entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 10

paromomycin

Question 11

What luminal agent can also treat entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 11

iodoquinol

Question 12

Nitazoxinide is thought to inhibit a ____ transfer reaction. It inhibits _____ metabolism

Answer 12

electron; anaerobic

Question 13

What 2 drugs are used to generally treat leishmaniasis?

Answer 13

sodium stibogluconate or ampho B

Question 14

What is an alternative treatment for leishmania?

Answer 14

pentamidine or MILTEFOSINE

Question 15

treatment of african trypanosomiasis?
early stage: pentamidine or _____
late stage: _____ or eflornithine

Answer 15

suramin;

melarsoprol

Question 16

2 drugs used to treat chagas disease (trypanasoma cruzi)?

Answer 16

nifurtimox, benznidazole

Question 17

Miltefosine is a _____ analog used to treat _____ leishmaniasis

Answer 17

phospholipid; visceral

Question 18

Nifurtimox and Benznidazole both generate ____ _____

Answer 18

free radicals

Question 19

Complications with nifurtimox/benznidazole:

Answer 19

hypersensitivity, GI probs

Question 20

general treatment for helminth infection:

Answer 20

bendazoles (mebendazole or albendazole)

Question 21

Benzimidazoles (bendazoles) work by binding to the ____ end of microtubules, forming ____

Answer 21

plus; caps

Question 22

treatment for cysterocercosis?

Answer 22

albendazole

Question 23

what is usually used to treat intestinal roundworm infections?

Answer 23

albendazole or mebendazole

Question 24

What drug has been shown to be highly effective against cestodes and trematodes?

Answer 24

praziquantel

Question 25

mechanism of action of praziquantel (at clinical doses)? tegumental damage and _____

Answer 25

exposes tegumental antigens

Question 26

Drug of choice for schistosomiasis, Taneia solium/saginata, and diphyylobothrium?

Answer 26

praziquantel

Question 27

What is the reason for most severe toxicity to praziquantel?

Answer 27

anaphylaxis to dying worms

Question 28

Drug of choice for strongylodies and onchocerca volvulus?

Answer 28

ivermectin

Question 29

Ivermectin works by ____ microfilarie. It binds to glutamate activated _____ channels, causing _____

Answer 29

paralyzes; chloride; hyper-polarization

Question 30

What is especially effective against pinworms and ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 30

pyrantel pamoate

Question 31

Pyrantel pamoate is a _____ _____ blocking agent. It causes release of _____ and inhibition of ____, leading to worm paralysis

Answer 31

depolarizing neuromuscular;

Ach, Achesterase

Question 32

Treatment of scabies?

Answer 32

permethrin cream

Question 33

Treatment of head lice? permethrin or _____

Answer 33

spinosad