lecture 9 & 3/4 anti-parasitics Flashcards
First line treatment for toxoplasmosis?
pyrimethamine and sufladiazine
3 parasitic infections most associated with HIV in US?
Pneumocystis jirovecii, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium
pentamidine can cause ____ or ____
hypo, hyperglycemia
pentamidine is the first line treatment for ______ as welll as alternative treatment for this HIV associated agent _____
W. African trypanosomiasis; pneumocystosis
treatment for giardia: 2 possible
metronidaole, nitazoxanide
drug of choice for cryptosporidium
nitazoxanide
drug of choice for anaerobic parasites:
metronidazole
What is related to metronidazole but has less toxicity?
tinidazole
Most important side effect of metronidazole to know:
human enzyme it is thought to inhibit:
nausea, vomiting, discomfort when taken with alcohol (antabuse effect);
thought to inhibit acetaldehyde DH
What aminoglycoside has also shown effectiveness in treating entamoeba histolytica?
paromomycin
What luminal agent can also treat entamoeba histolytica?
iodoquinol
Nitazoxinide is thought to inhibit a ____ transfer reaction. It inhibits _____ metabolism
electron; anaerobic
What 2 drugs are used to generally treat leishmaniasis?
sodium stibogluconate or ampho B
What is an alternative treatment for leishmania?
pentamidine or MILTEFOSINE
treatment of african trypanosomiasis?
early stage: pentamidine or _____
late stage: _____ or eflornithine
suramin;
melarsoprol
2 drugs used to treat chagas disease (trypanasoma cruzi)?
nifurtimox, benznidazole
Miltefosine is a _____ analog used to treat _____ leishmaniasis
phospholipid; visceral
Nifurtimox and Benznidazole both generate ____ _____
free radicals
Complications with nifurtimox/benznidazole:
hypersensitivity, GI probs
general treatment for helminth infection:
bendazoles (mebendazole or albendazole)
Benzimidazoles (bendazoles) work by binding to the ____ end of microtubules, forming ____
plus; caps
treatment for cysterocercosis?
albendazole
what is usually used to treat intestinal roundworm infections?
albendazole or mebendazole
What drug has been shown to be highly effective against cestodes and trematodes?
praziquantel
mechanism of action of praziquantel (at clinical doses)? tegumental damage and _____
exposes tegumental antigens
Drug of choice for schistosomiasis, Taneia solium/saginata, and diphyylobothrium?
praziquantel
What is the reason for most severe toxicity to praziquantel?
anaphylaxis to dying worms
Drug of choice for strongylodies and onchocerca volvulus?
ivermectin
Ivermectin works by ____ microfilarie. It binds to glutamate activated _____ channels, causing _____
paralyzes; chloride; hyper-polarization
What is especially effective against pinworms and ascaris lumbricoides?
pyrantel pamoate
Pyrantel pamoate is a _____ _____ blocking agent. It causes release of _____ and inhibition of ____, leading to worm paralysis
depolarizing neuromuscular;
Ach, Achesterase
Treatment of scabies?
permethrin cream
Treatment of head lice? permethrin or _____
spinosad
