lecture 9

Question 1

what is the primary muscle of trunk flexion?

Answer 1

Rectus abdominal

Question 2

what is the nerve supply of Rectus abdominal?

Answer 2

lower intercostal nerve

Question 3

what is the accessory muscle of trunk flexion?

Answer 3

internal obliques / external obliques

Question 4

ROM of trunk flexion?

Answer 4

Until scapula are raised from plinth ,motion take place primarily in thoracic spine

Question 5

define rectus abdominis?

Answer 5

a pair of muscles that goes down on either side of abdomen from ribs to front of pelvis and divided by linea alba

Question 6

action of rectus abdominis?

Answer 6

Your rectus abdominis hold your internal organs in place and keep your body stable during movement.

Question 7

limiting factors of trunk flexion?

Answer 7

1- tension of posterior longitudinal ligament ,ligament flava ,interspinal and supraspinal ligaments
* 2-tension of spinal Extensor muscles
* 3 Approximation of ant lips of vertebral bodies *
4- compression of intervertebral disc anteriorly
* 5- contact of lower ribs with abdomen

Question 8

muscle test grade 5 of trunk flexion?

Answer 8

patient position: Supine with hand clasped behind head
stabilize: legs firmly
order: bend your thorax on pelvis until whole scapula are raised from plinth

Question 9

if hip flexors is weak stabilize what?

Answer 9

pelvis

Question 10

Manual muscle test grade 4 trunk flexion?

Answer 10

Patient position: Supine with arm at side
stabilize: stabilize legs firmly
order: bend your thorax on pelvis until scapula are raised from plinth

Question 11

mmt grade 3 trunk flexion?

Answer 11

same as 4 but partial range
raise head ,tips of shoulder and upper border of scapula

Question 12

mmt grade2 trunk flexion?

Answer 12

same as 4 but patient flex cervical spine
depress lower portion of thorax and tilt pelvis until lumbar area become flat on table

Question 13

grade 1 or 0 trunk flexion

Answer 13

palpate: anterior abdominal
order: try to cough exhale or lift head

Question 14

observation in mmt grade 1 or 0? in trunk flexion?

Answer 14

Observe deviation of umbilical as upward deviation indicates strong contraction of upper section / downward deviation indicates strong deviation of lower section

Question 15

weakness in grade 1 or 0 in trunk flexion?

Answer 15

result in belly abdomen and hyperlordosis / low back pain

Question 16

isolation of rectus abdominis?

Answer 16

To emphasise upper rectus test upper trunk
To emphasise lower ,test lower trunk

Question 17

primary muscle of trunk rotation?

Answer 17

internal obliques and external obliques

Question 18

accessory muscle of trunk rotation?

Answer 18

latissimus dorsi / semispinalis/multifidus /rotators

Question 19

what is the nerve supply of internal obliques and external obliques?

Answer 19

lower intercostal nerve

Question 20

what is the action of internal and external obliques?

Answer 20

-They are one of the main stabilizers of your trunk
-they lie on a diagonal, but they run in the opposite direction
-rotate torso

Question 21

range of motion of trunk rotation?

Answer 21

Rotation of thorax is possible until scapula on side of forward shoulder is raised from table

Question 22

what is the limiting factor of trunk rotation?

Answer 22

-tension of annulus fibrous of side opposite to Rotation
-tension of opposite oblique muscles
-in thoracic ,tension of costovertebral ligament

Question 23

manual muscle test grade 5 trunk rotation?

Answer 23

patient position: Supine with hands behind head
stabilize: stabilize leg firmly
order: turn your upper trunk to right side

Question 24

how is rotation of right side cause?

Answer 24

brought by right internal obliques and left external obliques

Question 25

mmt grade 4 trunk rotation?

Answer 25

the same as 5 except from supine with arm at sides

Question 26

grade 3 trunk rotation?

Answer 26

same as 4 except arms crossed in shoulders

Question 27

grade 2 trunk rotation?

Answer 27

from sitting /therapist stabilize pelvis / turn your upper thorax to right

Question 28

mmt grade 1 or 0 trunk rotation?

Answer 28

palpate: as one hand on thorax (feel external )and on pelvis (feel internal )

Question 29

primary muscles of trunk extension?

Answer 29

- sacrospinalis - iliocostalis dorsi - longissimus dorsi - iliocostalis lumborum - quadratus lumbarom

Question 30

what is accessory muscle of trunk extension?

Answer 30

semispinalis/rotators / multifidus

Question 31

rom of trunk extension?

Answer 31

- Thoracic spine extends only to approximately a straight line - Thoracic spine extends only to approximately a straight line

Question 32

limiting factors of trunk extension?

Answer 32

- tension of anterior longitudinal of spine - tension of abdominals - contact of spinous process posteriorly - contact of spinous process posteriorly

Question 33

mmt grade 5 or 4 of thoracic and lumbar?

Answer 33

patient position: Prone stabilize: pelvis order: Extend your back resistance: lower thorax

Question 34

grade 5 or 4 for thoracic in trunk extension?

Answer 34

patient position: Prone stabilize: pelvis and lower thorax order: Extend upper back resistance: Extend upper back

Question 35

grade 3 of trunk extension?

Answer 35

patient position and stabilization same as rest of grades order: extend your back

Question 36

grade 2 of trunk extension?

Answer 36

partial range

Question 37

grade 1 or 0 of trunk extension?

Answer 37

palpate Back extensors bilateral beside spinous process