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Anatomy > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

In flexures the palm and sole are directed ____________ (towards/away) from the trunk?

A

towards

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2
Q

By the end of the ___________ week the proximal parts of the upper and lower limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion around their long axes, but in opposite directions!!, so that the elbow becomes directed caudally, and the knee cranially

A

7th week

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3
Q

Syndactyly

A

fusion of two or more digits (can be isolated or part of a syndrome)

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4
Q

polydactyly

A

extra digits, typically occurs bilaterally

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5
Q

macrodactyly

A

enlarged digits

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6
Q

adactyly

A

absence of digits

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7
Q

Ectrodactyly

A

“lobster claw deformity” missing middle digit; occurs unilaterally

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8
Q

Amelia

A

complete absence of one or more extremities

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9
Q

Meromelia

A

partial absence of one or more extremities

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10
Q

phocomelia

A

shortened lower extremities

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11
Q

Radial longitudinal deficiency

A

when the radius is shorted so the wrist is deviated

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12
Q

What is the main difference between a functional joint and a synovial joint?

A

a functional joint does not have a joint cavity

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13
Q

What is the only synovial joint that connects the arm to the axial skeleton?

A

sternoclavicular joint

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14
Q

What is the only functional joint in the upper extremity?

A

scapulothoracic joint

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15
Q

T/F: All of the branches of the brachial plexus only do motor innervation

A

False: all 5 branches do motor and sensory

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16
Q

If the transverse humeral is enlarged what tendon will be impacted?

A

long head of the biceps brachii

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligament?

A

keep bicep tendon in the bicipital groove

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18
Q

What are two muscles that are tri-articulate?

A

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

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19
Q

What two structures go through the radial groove?

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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20
Q

What is the parent structure of the L common carotid artery?

A

aorta

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21
Q

What is the parent structure of the R common carotid artery?

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

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22
Q

What is arterial anastomoses?

A

a network of connected arteries ready to change roles if one artery is occluded

23
Q

List the rotator cuff muscles from most commonly injured to least commonly injured?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

24
Q

Which structure travels through the suprascapular notch?

A

suprascapular nerve

25
Q

which ligament entraps the suprascapular nerve when thickened?

A

superior transverse scapular ligament

26
Q

what are two spaces that the suprascapular nerve can get entrapped?

A

suprascapular notch and the spinoglenoid fossa

27
Q

T/F: the suprascapular artery gets entrapped along with the suprascapular nerve underneath the superior transverse scapular ligament

A

false; the artery travels above the ligament

28
Q

What type of acromion is associated with low shoulder and causes subacromial impingement?

A

type III: Hooked

29
Q

A RCT on the articular side of the tendon is where on the tendon?

A

the underside

30
Q

A RCT on the bursal side of the tendon is where on the tendon?

A

top side of the tendon

31
Q

What is a SLAP tear?

A

When the long head biceps tendon pulls the labrum off of the bone at 12 o clock

32
Q

What three scapular motions are required for for arm elevation?

A

upward rotation, protraction, and posterior tilting

33
Q

the glenohumeral joint must perform what motion in order for the greater tubercle to clear the acromion?

A

external rotation

34
Q

What motions must the clavicle must perform to elevate the arm?

A

elevation and backwards rotation

35
Q

How many degrees is total shoulder abduction ROM?

A

180 degrees

36
Q

the initial 30 degrees of abduction is performed by which joint?

A

glenohumeral

37
Q

30 degrees to 120 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?

A

Both the GH and ST joint; 1:1 ratio

38
Q

120 degrees to 180 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?

A

both GH and ST; 2-3:1 ratio

39
Q

How many degrees of shoulder abduction would we be able to get without the ST joint?

A

120

40
Q

How many degrees of shoulder abduction can you get without the GH joint?

A

60 degrees

41
Q

Which ligament of the GHJ capsule causes the greatest amount of stiffness?

A

coracohumeral

42
Q

What motions does the superior GHL limit?

A

inferior translation and ER

43
Q

What motion does the middle GHL limit?

A

anterior translation

44
Q

In what position are the ligaments of the GHJ tightest?

A

90/90

45
Q

If someone is “born loose” in their shoulders is this unilaterally or bilaterally? If there are “torn loose” is this bilaterally or unilaterally?

A

Born loose: bilaterally
Torn loose: unilaterally

46
Q

What are the two main bursa in the shoulder?

A

subdeltoid (or subacromion) bursa and subscapular bursa

47
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? How many degrees of freedom does it have?

A

synovial saddle joint; 3 degrees of freedom

48
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

synovial plane joint

49
Q

is the acromioclavicular joint capsule weak or strong?

A

weak

50
Q

What does the coracovlavicular ligament prevent?

A

vertical displacement of the clavicle

51
Q

Which ligament(s) is torn in separated shoulder?

A

acromioclavicular ligament

52
Q

Which ligament(s) is torn in piano key dislocation of shoulder?

A

AC ligament and coracoclavicular

53
Q

When the shoulder dislocates which direction does the humerus translate?

A

anteriorly

54
Q
A

Anatomy (2 decks)

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