Lecture 9 Flashcards
In flexures the palm and sole are directed ____________ (towards/away) from the trunk?
towards
By the end of the ___________ week the proximal parts of the upper and lower limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion around their long axes, but in opposite directions!!, so that the elbow becomes directed caudally, and the knee cranially
7th week
Syndactyly
fusion of two or more digits (can be isolated or part of a syndrome)
polydactyly
extra digits, typically occurs bilaterally
macrodactyly
enlarged digits
adactyly
absence of digits
Ectrodactyly
“lobster claw deformity” missing middle digit; occurs unilaterally
Amelia
complete absence of one or more extremities
Meromelia
partial absence of one or more extremities
phocomelia
shortened lower extremities
Radial longitudinal deficiency
when the radius is shorted so the wrist is deviated
What is the main difference between a functional joint and a synovial joint?
a functional joint does not have a joint cavity
What is the only synovial joint that connects the arm to the axial skeleton?
sternoclavicular joint
What is the only functional joint in the upper extremity?
scapulothoracic joint
T/F: All of the branches of the brachial plexus only do motor innervation
False: all 5 branches do motor and sensory
If the transverse humeral is enlarged what tendon will be impacted?
long head of the biceps brachii
What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligament?
keep bicep tendon in the bicipital groove
What are two muscles that are tri-articulate?
biceps brachii and triceps brachii
What two structures go through the radial groove?
radial nerve and profunda brachii artery
What is the parent structure of the L common carotid artery?
aorta
What is the parent structure of the R common carotid artery?
the brachiocephalic trunk
What is arterial anastomoses?
a network of connected arteries ready to change roles if one artery is occluded
List the rotator cuff muscles from most commonly injured to least commonly injured?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
Which structure travels through the suprascapular notch?
suprascapular nerve
which ligament entraps the suprascapular nerve when thickened?
superior transverse scapular ligament
what are two spaces that the suprascapular nerve can get entrapped?
suprascapular notch and the spinoglenoid fossa
T/F: the suprascapular artery gets entrapped along with the suprascapular nerve underneath the superior transverse scapular ligament
false; the artery travels above the ligament
What type of acromion is associated with low shoulder and causes subacromial impingement?
type III: Hooked
A RCT on the articular side of the tendon is where on the tendon?
the underside
A RCT on the bursal side of the tendon is where on the tendon?
top side of the tendon
What is a SLAP tear?
When the long head biceps tendon pulls the labrum off of the bone at 12 o clock
What three scapular motions are required for for arm elevation?
upward rotation, protraction, and posterior tilting
the glenohumeral joint must perform what motion in order for the greater tubercle to clear the acromion?
external rotation
What motions must the clavicle must perform to elevate the arm?
elevation and backwards rotation
How many degrees is total shoulder abduction ROM?
180 degrees
the initial 30 degrees of abduction is performed by which joint?
glenohumeral
30 degrees to 120 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?
Both the GH and ST joint; 1:1 ratio
120 degrees to 180 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?
both GH and ST; 2-3:1 ratio
How many degrees of shoulder abduction would we be able to get without the ST joint?
120
How many degrees of shoulder abduction can you get without the GH joint?
60 degrees
Which ligament of the GHJ capsule causes the greatest amount of stiffness?
coracohumeral
What motions does the superior GHL limit?
inferior translation and ER
What motion does the middle GHL limit?
anterior translation
In what position are the ligaments of the GHJ tightest?
90/90
If someone is “born loose” in their shoulders is this unilaterally or bilaterally? If there are “torn loose” is this bilaterally or unilaterally?
Born loose: bilaterally
Torn loose: unilaterally
What are the two main bursa in the shoulder?
subdeltoid (or subacromion) bursa and subscapular bursa
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? How many degrees of freedom does it have?
synovial saddle joint; 3 degrees of freedom
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane joint
is the acromioclavicular joint capsule weak or strong?
weak
What does the coracovlavicular ligament prevent?
vertical displacement of the clavicle
Which ligament(s) is torn in separated shoulder?
acromioclavicular ligament
Which ligament(s) is torn in piano key dislocation of shoulder?
AC ligament and coracoclavicular
When the shoulder dislocates which direction does the humerus translate?
anteriorly
