Lecture 9

Question 1

Cataracts

Answer 1

Clouding of the lens
>50% of Americans by 80
1/10,000 children
Treatment: remove & replace them

Question 2

Glaucoma

Answer 2

Damage to the optic nerve & increased intraocular pressure
Can have very slow onset
6-60 million ppl

Question 3

Macular degeneration (wet vs dry)

Answer 3

Central visual field affected (macula & fovea)
AMP affects 6 million americans
WET: 10% of AMS
- leaky blood vessel, fucks w/ RPE connection (Retinal pigment epithelium)
DRY: 90% of AMS
- more slowly progressing

Question 4

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Answer 4

Loss of rod photoreceptors in peripheral retina
Night blindness & tunnel vision

Question 5

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 5

Caused by excess vasculature growth, leading to edema
80& of ppl. w/ diabetes over 20yrs

Question 6

Blindsight & hemispatial neglet

Answer 6

Blindsight: VI dmg > conscious blindness
- Vision via SC or LGN > secondary visual areas

Spatial neglect: ignore one hemisphere of vision, usually cPL lesions (L visual field)

Question 7

Cerebral akinetospia

Answer 7

Damage to V5 (MT) & TPJ
Moving images > static images

Question 8

Types of ocular restoration (4)

Answer 8

Cell therapy: grow & implants new cells
Gene therapy: correct damaging overall mutations
Retinal prosthetic implants: electric chip that stimulates RGG
Optogenetic therapy: similar to above but tries to make other retinal cells light sensitive (in clinical trials!!)