Lecture 9

Question 1

Who discovered insulin

Answer 1

Frederick Banting
Charles Best

Question 2

Who got the nobel prize for the insulin discovery

Answer 2

Frederick Banting
John McLeod

Question 3

With diabetes, glucose cannot _____

Answer 3

enter the cells

Question 4

when glucose can’t enter the cells, how does the body respond?

Answer 4

by mobilizing fats (lipolysis)

Question 5

accumulation of ketone bodies due to diabetes leads to what?

Answer 5

Ketoacidosis

Question 6

Can FFA make glucose?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Can FFA enter the Krebs cycle

Answer 7

Not when carb sources are low

Question 8

Why can’t FFA enter Krebs cycle when carb sources are low

Answer 8

oxaloacetate is scavenged, which is the acetyl-CoA acceptor molecule

Question 9

what is keto acidosis?

Answer 9

low blood pH

Question 10

what molecule turns into ketone bodies, and gives breath the sweet smell?

Answer 10

acetoacetic acid

Question 11

why does a diabetic’s breath smell sweet

Answer 11

due to build up of acetoacetic acid created from 2 acetyl-CoA when it cannot enter Krebs cycle

Question 12

what are the three signs of diabetes

Answer 12

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

Question 13

what is polyuria?

Answer 13

excessive urinary output (peeing)

Question 14

how is polyuria caused

Answer 14

too much glucose in urine
osmosis occurs, water follows (as does electrolytes)
Blood volume is down, dehydration occurs

Question 15

what is polydipsia

Answer 15

being very thirsty all the time

Question 16

how is polydipsia in diabetes caused

Answer 16

dehydration due to polyuria stimulates hypothalamic thirst centres

Question 17

what is polyphagia

Answer 17

excessive hunger

Question 18

how is polyphagia caused in diabetes

Answer 18

the person is starving due to inability to use carbs

Question 19

what type is the juvenile diabetes

Answer 19

type 1

Question 20

what type is the insulin dependant diabetes

Answer 20

type 1

Question 21

what type of diabetes is less common

Answer 21

type 1

Question 22

name a theory that could cause type 1 diabetes

Answer 22

an autoimmune reaction that kills the beta cells

Question 23

is there a genetic component to type 1 diabetes

Answer 23

no

Question 24

why are there so many complications with insulin injections

Answer 24

you get a big spike of insulin at once, as opposed to little amounts released by your body to maintain homeostatic range

Question 25

what is one of the biggest issues associated with diabetes/insulin injections

Answer 25

nerve issues

Question 26

what is the most common form of diabetes

Answer 26

type 2

Question 27

is there a genetic component to type 2 diabetes?

Answer 27

yes, a strong one

Question 28

do type 2 diabetics produce insulin

Answer 28

typically yes, but in smaller amounts or the receptors are desensitized

Question 29

do only overweight and sedentary people get type 2 diabetes

Answer 29

no, it just makes you predisposed to it

Question 30

ketoacidosis is not a major problem for what type of diabetes

Answer 30

type 2

Question 31

what type of vitamins does the liver store

Answer 31

fat soluble
K A D E and B12 but its water soluble

Question 32

what is the primary site of B oxidation

Answer 32

liver