Lecture 9

Question 1

when was the holocene

Answer 1

11.7ka

Question 2

holocene features

Answer 2

thermal maximum
- 8.2ka major global cooling event
- final collapse of laurentide ice sheet
- 4.2ka event neoglacial beginning, drought and glacial advance
- medieval warm period
- little ice age

Question 3

global mean temp of 20th century was ____ than 95% of holocene

Answer 3

colder, but projections say we will be warmer

Question 4

Argo floats

Answer 4

monitor ocean salinity and temperature, currently up to 2000m

Question 5

el nino oscillations should be considered why

Answer 5

can explain short term hiatuses or anomalys in long term trends

Question 6

heat capacity

Answer 6

amount of energy it takes to increase something by 1 C

Question 7

water has high heat capacity, what does this mean for ocean

Answer 7

heta absorbed by ocean is spread out becaus etransparency allows for more penetration and heat is dispersed, then redistributed by currents

Question 8

oceans have absorbed ___% of excess energy caused by GHGs and ___% of co2 emissions

Answer 8

90, 30

Question 9

ocean warming is concentrated in

Answer 9

upper ocean, the more depth the more uncertain we are also