lecture 9

Question 1

what are the 4 key traits shared by all animals?

Answer 1

-multicellular eukaryotes
-heterotrophs
-motile, move under power at some point
-have neurons and muscles

Question 2

what evidence is used to support the hypothesis of the first animals

Answer 2

fossil evidence
morphological evidence
molecular evidence

Question 3

diploblasts

Answer 3

embryos have 2 types of tissues

Question 4

triploblasts

Answer 4

embryos have 3 types of tissues

Question 5

germ layers

Answer 5

embryonic tissue layers

Question 6

ectoderm

Answer 6

skin and nervous

Question 7

endoderm

Answer 7

digestive tract lining and connected organs

Question 8

mesoderm

Answer 8

circulatory, muscle, and internals such as bone and most organs

Question 9

radial symmetry

Answer 9

multiple planes of symmetry

Question 10

bilateral symmetry

Answer 10

one plane of symmetry

Question 11

what symmetry do humans have

Answer 11

bilateral

Question 12

which symmetry arose first

Answer 12

radial

Question 13

how does body symmetry relate

Answer 13

-nerve net radial symmetry
-CNS bilateral symmetry

Question 14

Flat worms key features

Answer 14

-flat-broad shaped
-lack a coelom

Question 15

annelids differ from flatworms how?

Answer 15

have a coelom and digestive tract

Question 16

3 main categories of annelids

Answer 16

•Polychates- lots of bristles… marine
•Oligochates- no/few bristles… earthworms…soil
•Hirudinea- leeches… usually in water

Question 17

Mollusks key features

Answer 17

foot, mantle, visceral mass
ex clams

Question 18

what organisms molt

Answer 18

ecdysozoans

Question 19

how are protosomes distinguished

Answer 19

-embryonic development
-inability of early embryonic cells to develop into full embryo
-spitting blocks of mesoderm to form coelom

Question 20

coelom

Answer 20

fluid filled cavity

Question 21

Purpose of coelom

Answer 21

provides space for exchange of nutrients and oxygen

Question 22

coelmates

Answer 22

earthworms

Question 23

acoelmates

Answer 23

flatworm

Question 24

psuedocoelmates

Answer 24

round worms

Question 25

protosomes

Answer 25

mouth first

Question 26

deuterosomes

Answer 26

second mouth (humans)

Question 27

segmentation

Answer 27

repeating parts along the axis of bilaterally symmetric animas

Question 28

vertebrates

Answer 28

fish, reptiles, amphibians, mammals

Question 29

intervertebrates

Answer 29

annelids and anthropoids

Question 30

what are 4 variables that contributed to the diversification of animals and how ?

Answer 30

-higher oxygen levels
-the evolution of predation
-new niches be get more new niches
-modified genes, modified bodies

Question 31

where would you find echinoderms

Answer 31

only in marine environments

Question 32

key features of echinoderms

Answer 32

radially symmetric, endoskeletons, water vascular system, two feet

Question 33

example of chordates

Answer 33

humans

Question 34

4 morphological features of chordates

Answer 34

pharyngeal pouches
nerve cord
noto cord
post anal tail

Question 35

vertebrates are distinguished by what 2 synapomorphies

Answer 35

vertebrae and cranium

Question 36

how does none differ from cartilage

Answer 36

bone is solid

Question 37

vertebrae brain
3 main regions

Answer 37

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

Question 38

Amniota
what evolved in mammals

Answer 38

due and lactation

Question 39

Amniota
what evolved in reptiles

Answer 39

scales and feathers