Lecture 9-10: Joints

Question 1

bones

Answer 1

collagen stiffened with mineral that support the body

Question 2

Cartilage

Answer 2

collagen filled with glycoproteins that hold water

hyaline and fibrocartilage

Question 3

ligament/tendons

Answer 3

collagen +/- elastin aligned into ropes

Question 4

Muscles

Answer 4

collagen bags of cells filled with contractile proteins

Question 5

fascia

Answer 5

collagen not otherwise named (eg sheets wrapping limbs)

Question 6

fat

Answer 6

collagen (fascia) + adipocytes stuffed with triglycerides

provides padding and reduces weight

Question 7

what provides posture

Answer 7

ligaments counteracting muscle pull

Question 8

unbalanced ligament tone leads to

Answer 8

certain muscles being overused and movement through joints no longer optimal

Question 9

fibrous joint ex

Answer 9

skull sutures

Question 10

catilagenous joint example

Answer 10

intervertebral discs
symphyses
costochondral/sternal

Question 11

Synovial joint example

Answer 11

most limb joints

Question 12

fibrous and cartilagenous joints have what type of support

Answer 12

intrinsic

Question 13

synovial joints need what to stabilize them

Answer 13

support structures to stabilized them

Question 14

most limb joints are…

Answer 14

synovial hinge joints that flex and extend

Question 15

Where do menisci occur

Answer 15

pair of menisci in each femorotibial joint

single meniscus in each temporomandibular joint

Question 16

Where are sesamoid bones located, generally

Answer 16

within tendons/ligaments where they cross joints or other protruding parts of bones near joints

Question 17

where do fibrocartilagenous plaques occur

Answer 17

where compression is not focused

ex: biceps tendon at the bicipital bursa

Question 18

extracapsular ligaments

Answer 18

joint capsule thickenings (collateral ligaments) other supporting ligaments (sesamoidean ligaments)

Question 19

Intracapsular ligaments

Answer 19

cruciate ligaments of stifle joints

meniscal ligaments

Question 20

Annular ligaments

Answer 20

fascial thickenings

Question 21

ligaments spanning many joints

Answer 21

nuchal ligament
sacrotuberous
interosseous

Question 22

most limb muscles are what order levers and what does this mean

Answer 22

3rd order levers meaning that they act on joints (fulcrum or pivot) close to the joint to move the rest of the limb

Question 23

What types of muscle contraction are there

Answer 23

isometric, isotonic or a mixture of both