Lecture 9-10: Joints Flashcards
bones
collagen stiffened with mineral that support the body
Cartilage
collagen filled with glycoproteins that hold water
hyaline and fibrocartilage
ligament/tendons
collagen +/- elastin aligned into ropes
Muscles
collagen bags of cells filled with contractile proteins
fascia
collagen not otherwise named (eg sheets wrapping limbs)
fat
collagen (fascia) + adipocytes stuffed with triglycerides
provides padding and reduces weight
what provides posture
ligaments counteracting muscle pull
unbalanced ligament tone leads to
certain muscles being overused and movement through joints no longer optimal
fibrous joint ex
skull sutures
catilagenous joint example
intervertebral discs
symphyses
costochondral/sternal
Synovial joint example
most limb joints
fibrous and cartilagenous joints have what type of support
intrinsic
synovial joints need what to stabilize them
support structures to stabilized them
most limb joints are…
synovial hinge joints that flex and extend
Where do menisci occur
pair of menisci in each femorotibial joint
single meniscus in each temporomandibular joint
Where are sesamoid bones located, generally
within tendons/ligaments where they cross joints or other protruding parts of bones near joints
where do fibrocartilagenous plaques occur
where compression is not focused
ex: biceps tendon at the bicipital bursa
extracapsular ligaments
joint capsule thickenings (collateral ligaments) other supporting ligaments (sesamoidean ligaments)
Intracapsular ligaments
cruciate ligaments of stifle joints
meniscal ligaments
Annular ligaments
fascial thickenings
ligaments spanning many joints
nuchal ligament
sacrotuberous
interosseous
most limb muscles are what order levers and what does this mean
3rd order levers meaning that they act on joints (fulcrum or pivot) close to the joint to move the rest of the limb
What types of muscle contraction are there
isometric, isotonic or a mixture of both
