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Geo of toursim > Lecture 8 - technological hazards > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - technological hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Technological hazards can vary from a single toxic chemical accident to an entire industry, what are other examples of these hazards?

A
  • exposure to pollutants

- Hazardous waste

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2
Q

Do technologically hazards produce a high death toll

A

No, they do not, their death tolls are relatively low

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3
Q

What are the categories of technological hazards?

A
  • Widespread
  • Rare events
  • Common
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4
Q

Explain widespread?

A
  • Long term (nuclear accidents)

- Hazards leading to cumulative effects

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5
Q

Explain Rare events

A
  • airplane crashes
  • mine collapses
  • shipwrecks
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6
Q

Give examples of common technological hazards

A
  • automobile accidents

- poisons

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7
Q

What are the three forms of calculating risks

A
  • Large scale structures
  • transportation
  • Industry
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8
Q

What are the three forms of calculating risks

A
  • Large scale structures
  • transportation
  • Industry
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9
Q

Explain the term large scale structures

A
  • Risk is defined as the probability of failure during the lifetime of the structure
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10
Q

Explain the term transportation

A
  • Risk is the probability of death or injury per km travelled
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11
Q

Explain the calculating risk - industry

A
  • risk is the probability of death or injury per person per number of hours exposed
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12
Q

What is the primary source of Radon gas

A

the primary source is from the natural decay of uranium in rock and soil

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13
Q

What is Radon gas

A

a radioactive gas

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14
Q

What happens when radon is inhaled?

A

When radon is inhaled it then decays to polonium and lodges in the lungs where it damages tissues
- the 2nd leading cause of lung cancer in North America

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15
Q

Radon Gas can move quickly through non - saturated soil but cannot seep into homes. True or false?

A

False, Radon gas can move quickly through non - saturated soil and it also can seep into homes

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16
Q

List some examples of genetic engineering?

A
  • chickens that lay low - cholesterol eggs
  • tomatoes that can prevent some cancers
  • bananas and potatoes to treat viral diseases in developing countries
  • rice that can produce more Vitamin a
  • Bacteria that can quickly clean up oil and toxic spills
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17
Q

Some crops have been genetically engineered to have greater resistance to what factors?

A
  • Changes in temperature and precipitation
  • herbicides
  • pests
  • acidic soil
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18
Q

What are the pathways of radiation?

A

The pathways of radiation include inhalation and ingestion (food, water)

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19
Q

The impact of radiation can be both direct and indirect. How can it be indirect?

A

The impact could be indirect in the form of genetic effects

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20
Q

Lists the sources of radiation

A
  • Mining of uranium

- Production of Eletricity

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21
Q

Mines produce a waste called _______ which can be a radioactive hazard?

A

Tailings

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22
Q

Why is Nuclear considered a clean source of energy

A
  • this is because it does not emit the greenhouse gases that cause climate change
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23
Q

Where are most nuclear plants in North America found

A

The eastern half of the continent

24
Q

What is a nuclear meltdown?

A

A nuclear meltdown is an informal term for an accident that results in damage from overheating

25
Q

How does a nuclear meltdown occur

A

it occurs when the heat generated by a nuclear plant exceeds heat removed by cooling systems

26
Q

What is the worst nuclear disaster in U.S. history

A

The three-mile island nuclear accident

27
Q

What caused the three-mile island nuclear accident?

A
  • one of the two power plants experienced a partial meltdown. It was caused by a failure of a valve that controlled cool water entering the plant core
28
Q

What is the worst nuclear disaster in World history?

A

Chernobyl nuclear accident

29
Q

What caused the Chernobyl nuclear accident

A
  • the accident was a result of flawed design, operate error, and disregard of safety regulations
30
Q

What is groundwater?

A

Water that is found underground within the cracks and spaces in soil, sand and rocks

31
Q

How was the solar system formed?

A

Scientists believe a cloud of gas and dust in space was disturbed by a supernova

32
Q

Define the term Galaxy?

A
  • A cluster of billions of stars, our solar system makes up a tiny portion of the milky way galaxy
33
Q

Define the term star?

A
  • A hot growing ball of gas that generates energy by converting hydrogen to helium
34
Q

What is the outermost part of the sun called and what is the temperature at that point?

A

The outermost part of the sun is called photosphere and it is 6000

35
Q

What is the temperature at the core of the sun?

A

15,000,000 C

36
Q

What is the solar system composed of?

A

8 planets, 60 moons and millions of bolides

37
Q

What are the order of the planets

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

38
Q

what is the life expectancy of the sun

A

10 billion years

39
Q

Define the term Bolides?

A

Extraterrestrial bodies that originate in outer space

40
Q

List some examples of bolides?

A

Asteroid, Meteoroid, Meteor, Meteoroite, Comet

41
Q

Define the term asteroid?

A

A rocky metallic material in space 10m to 1000km in diameter originating in the asteroid belt

42
Q

define the term meteor?

A

A meteoroid that has entered earths atmosphere

43
Q

Define the term meteorite?

A

A meteor that strikes the earths surface

44
Q

Define the term comet?

A
  • Composed of a rocky core of gas and ice

- These are distinguishable by a glowing tail of gas and dust as it is heated by solar radiation

45
Q

Where are comets formed?

A

Comets formed in an area outside the solar system called the Kuiper Belt

46
Q

Discuss the term airbursts

A

Bolides travel at velocities of 12 - 72 km/s

- they heat up upon entering the earths atmosphere, producing bright lights

47
Q

a layer of debris, consisting of rock fragments that were blown out of the crater on impact is referred to as?

A

Ejecta blanket

48
Q

Impact craters can be defined as either ____ or ____

A

Simple or complex

49
Q

Explain the term simple craters?

A

simple craters are less than a few km in diameter and do not have an uplifted centre

50
Q

Explain the term complex crater?

A

Complex crater consists of a rim that collapses under extreme faulting. They are generally greater than 6km in diameter

51
Q

What is the manicouagan crater

A

this is a complex impact crater and is 100km in diameter and one of the 5 largest in the world

52
Q

Why are craters much more common on the moon than on earth?

A
  • most impacts with earth are over oceans where craters are not produced
  • impacts with earths land have been eroded or buried and thus have more subtle features than moon craters
53
Q

what event was deemed the cause of extinction of dinosaurs and about 70% of all plant and animals at the time

A

K-T Boundarty mass extinction
(Cretaceous and Tertiary)
(in some countries cretaceous is spelt with a K)

54
Q

What disasters can be caused due to a bolide impact

A

Tsunamis
earthquakes
Landslides
Climate change

55
Q

What is the most efficient way of managing a bolide impact hazard?

A
  • Nuclear explosions in the vicinity of the bolide that aim to shift its orbit is the recommended approach

Geo of toursim (5 decks)

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