Lecture 8: Social Cognitive Flashcards
What were the three philosophical influences on behaviourism?
Empiricism
Associationism
Hedonism
How does Watson explain the consistency/stability of personality?
Humans are conditioned from birth to respond to external stimuli in predictable ways.
Consistent conditioning = consistent habits = consistent personality
Define habituation
The way behaviour changes as a result of experience
On the basis of which behavioural system does Watson suggest personalities should be classified?
Dominant habit systems
Define classical conditioning
Stimulus-Response association
A natural elicited response is paired with a neutral stimulus to create a conditioned stimulus
Define operant conditioning
Response-Stimulus association
A behaviour is reinforced, either positively or negatively, to alter the frequency of that behaviour
Define the locus of control
The degree to which an individual believes that their actions will determine their life consequences
What is observational learning?
The process of learning by watching someone else and emulating their behaviour
Define self-efficacy
The expectation that one can accomplish something successfully. Mediated by the self-concept
Mischel believed that:
(____) is relatively stable, but (____) is variable
Personality is relatively stable, but behaviour is variable
People who hold entity theories believe that personal qualities…
are unchangeable, leading them to respond helplessly to situations they believe to be beyond them
People who hold incremental theories believe that personal qualities…
are malleable and can change with time and experience
What are judgment goals?
goals related to judging or validating an attribute in oneself or others
What are development goals?
goals related to trying to develop an attribute
Does the following describe the self or the true self?
- Encompasses entire range of personal features
- Valence independent: can be positive or negative
- Perspective dependent
- Cross-culturally variable
The self
