Lecture 8: Social Cognitive Flashcards
What were the three philosophical influences on behaviourism?
Empiricism
Associationism
Hedonism
How does Watson explain the consistency/stability of personality?
Humans are conditioned from birth to respond to external stimuli in predictable ways.
Consistent conditioning = consistent habits = consistent personality
Define habituation
The way behaviour changes as a result of experience
On the basis of which behavioural system does Watson suggest personalities should be classified?
Dominant habit systems
Define classical conditioning
Stimulus-Response association
A natural elicited response is paired with a neutral stimulus to create a conditioned stimulus
Define operant conditioning
Response-Stimulus association
A behaviour is reinforced, either positively or negatively, to alter the frequency of that behaviour
Define the locus of control
The degree to which an individual believes that their actions will determine their life consequences
What is observational learning?
The process of learning by watching someone else and emulating their behaviour
Define self-efficacy
The expectation that one can accomplish something successfully. Mediated by the self-concept
Mischel believed that:
(____) is relatively stable, but (____) is variable
Personality is relatively stable, but behaviour is variable
People who hold entity theories believe that personal qualities…
are unchangeable, leading them to respond helplessly to situations they believe to be beyond them
People who hold incremental theories believe that personal qualities…
are malleable and can change with time and experience
What are judgment goals?
goals related to judging or validating an attribute in oneself or others
What are development goals?
goals related to trying to develop an attribute
Does the following describe the self or the true self?
- Encompasses entire range of personal features
- Valence independent: can be positive or negative
- Perspective dependent
- Cross-culturally variable
The self
Does the following describe the self or the true self?
- Emphasises moral features
- Valence-dependent: positive by default
- Perspective independent
- Cross-culturally stable
The true self
The strategy of expecting the worst out of a situation so that one can be pleasantly surprised when the worst does not happen describe what kind of person?
A defensive pessimist
Describe Mischel’s CAPS
The Cognitive-Affective Personality System mediates how an individual selects, construes and processes social information and generates behaviours
What does Dweck’s BEATS acronym stand for?
Beliefs, Emotions and Action Tendencies
What is Dweck’s highest need on the BEATS model of personality
Self-coherence
What are the four jobs of the self, according to Robins?
- Self-regulation
- Information-processing filter
- Relating to others
- Identity
Define declarative knowledge
facts and information that we consciously know and can describe
Define procedural knowledge
the knowledge of how to do something or perform an action without conscious recall
Discrepancies between one’s real self and ideal self can lead to (____).
Discrepancies between one’s real self and ought self can lead to (____).
Discrepancies between one’s real self and ideal self can lead to depression.
Discrepancies between one’s real self and ought self can lead to anxiety.
What are the two kinds of desired selves? Define them
Ideal self: view of what you could be at your best
Ought self: view of what you should be
