Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gerontology Exam 2 > Lecture 8 Sex, hormones, and happiness > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Sex, hormones, and happiness Flashcards

1
Q

Age-related changes affecting sexual wellness

A

Normal aging does decrease sexual/reproductive efficiency and lengthens sexual response times:

  1. Degenerative changes in all reproductive organs.
  2. Diminished levels of sex hormones: Estrogen in women; testosterone in men - but this decline is more variable in men.
  3. Cessation of menses and loss of reproductive ability in women; older men have variable reproductive ability.
  4. Altered response to sexual stimulation.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Risk factors that affect sexual function - societal influences

A
  1. Myths of aging; attitudes about aging and sexuality.
  2. Cultural beliefs; Kinsey Reports - public displays of affection, orgasms, etc.
  3. False perceptions, self-fulfilling prophecy.
  4. Stigmatization of homosexual individuals.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risk factors that affect sexual function - individual influences

A
  1. Limited opportunities - erectile dysfunction, lack of a partner, social circumstances, lack of privacy, etc.
  2. Adverse effects of medications, nicotine, and alcohol.
  3. Functional impairments - arthritis, COPD, incontinence.
  4. Chronic illnesses - dementia, diabetes, heart disease, depression, BPH, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medications for erectile dysfunction (ED)

A
  1. Sildenafil (Viagra).

2. Tadalafil (Cialis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sleep apnea is a risk factor for impaired sexual function because it results in _

A

Hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medications that cause disorders of desire include _

A
  1. Psychoactive medications - antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, lithium, and all SSRIs.
  2. Hormonal agents.
  3. Cardiovascular medications - beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, thiazide diuretics, hydralazine, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Medications that cause disorders of arousal include _

A
  1. Anticholinergics (Levodopa).
  2. Antihistamines (Benadryl, Claritin).
  3. Antihypertensives.
  4. Psychoactive medications - SSRIs, MAOIs (Nardil), benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Medications that cause disorders of orgasm include _

A
  1. Amphetamines and related anorexic drugs.
  2. Antipsychotics.
  3. Methyldopa.
  4. Narcotics.
  5. SSRIs.
  6. Trazodone.
  7. Tricyclic antidepressants.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

With the exception of _ and _, all antidepressants can cause erectile dysfunction.

A
  1. Trazodone.

2. Bupropion (Wellbutrin).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In men, chronic use of alcohol affects production of _ and _ and can cause impotence and reduced libido.

A
  1. Testosterone.

2. Gonadotropin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Regarding sexuality, cigarettes and nicotine are linked with the development of _

A

Erectile dysfunction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The chronic condition that can cause retrograde ejaculation is _

A

Diabetes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Menopause - biologic changes

A
  1. Decline in blood levels of estrogen.
  2. Vaginal pH becomes more acidic.
  3. Subcutaneous fat and collagen decrease.
  4. Production of testosterone - the hormone of desire - declines.
  5. Changes in the sexual response cycle (neural).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Andropause - biologic changes

A
  1. Testosterone production declines 1-2% after age 30, but this is highly variable.
  2. Seminiferous tubules of testes - narrowed lumen, eventually to the point of obliteration of some tubules; diminished production of viable sperm.
  3. Seminal vesicles and prostate gland - secretions diminish, firm masses form around prostate urethra.
  4. Penis - venous and arterial sclerosis and fibroelastosis of corpus spongiosum.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Changes occurring within 1 year of menopause (in the absence of hormone therapy)

A
  1. Cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes atrophy.
  2. The vaginal wall and mucosa become thinner - increasing the likelihood of UTIs.
  3. Vagina becomes shorter and narrower.
  4. Bartholin’s glands atrophy and secrete less fluid - causing the skin to become dry and more prone to injury.
  5. Less vaginal lubrication during excitement.
  6. The labia lose fullness and the amount pubic hair diminishes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Changes occurring within 1-2 years of menopause

A
  1. The vulva and external genitalia shrink.

2. Introital stenosis - narrowed opening of the vagina.

17
Q

Because estrogen is stored in _ tissue, obese women may be less likely to experience atrophy of the vaginal epithelium after menopause.

A

Adipose.

18
Q

Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for _

A
  1. Osteoporosis.
  2. Vasomotor symptoms.
  3. Genital atrophy.
19
Q

Androgens, including testosterone, are made by the _ and the _

A
  1. Adrenal glands.
  2. Ovaries.
    (So if a woman has an oophorectomy, she will still have testosterone production by the adrenals.)
20
Q

Functions of testosterone

A
  1. Sexual desire.
  2. Maintenance of muscle mass.
  3. Maintenance of bone mineral density.
21
Q

4 phases of the sexual response cycle

A
  1. Excitement phase.
  2. Plateau phase.
  3. Orgasm.
  4. Resolution phase.
22
Q

Sexual response cycle by gender

A
  1. Men= 3 minutes from desire to orgasm.
  2. Women= 12.5 minutes from desire to orgasm.
  3. Both genders= Plateau phase to orgasm is only 1 minute, therefore foreplay is important to balance out the experience.
23
Q

Some degree of erectile dysfunction is experienced by _ of men over the age of 70.

A

70%

24
Q

PLISSIT model

A 
Tool to assess and develop interventions for *intimacy and sexuality issues*:
P = Permission
LI = Limited Information
SS = Specific Suggestions
IT = Intensive Therapies
25
Q

Erectile dysfunction medications should not be taken with _

A

Nitrovasodilators (e.g., nitroglycerin, amyl nitrate).

26
Q

_ is the only FDA-approved medication for increasing sexual stimulation in women.

A

Flibanserin (Addyi).

27
Q

Flibanserin (Addyi) contains a black box warning regarding _

A

A dangerous drop in blood pressure and possible fainting when taken with alcohol or anti-fungal medications.

28
Q

Older adults are at increased risk for contracting HIV due to _

A

Vaginal/epithelial changes paired with immune system changes, especially when sex is unprotected.

29
Q

Diminished _ affects sexual function in older adult women in several ways.

A

Estrogen production.

Gerontology Exam 2 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions