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ANATOMY TEST 2 > lecture 8: rectoral region & shoulder > Flashcards

lecture 8: rectoral region & shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What is a synovial joint

A

where the distal ends of 2 bones articulate

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2
Q

do synovial joints have articular cartilage

A

yes

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3
Q

a synovial joint has has a

A

joint “articular” capsule- outer fibrous/ inner synovial membrane

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4
Q

does a synovial joint have a fluid filled joint cavity

A

yes

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5
Q

WHat is a functional joint

A

has NO joint cavity and is help together by soft tisses

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6
Q

how many joints of the shoulder are there

A

4

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7
Q

what are the 4 joints of the shoulder

A

glenohumeral joint
acromionclavicular joint
sternoclavicular joint
scapulothoracol joint

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8
Q

which joints are anatomical joints

A

sc joint
ac joint
gh joint

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9
Q

which joint is the functional joint

A

scapulothoracic joint

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10
Q

where does the ST joint articulate

A

between the rib cage and the anterior surface of the scapula

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11
Q

which joint hold the arm in place to the whole body

A

the sternoclavicular joint

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12
Q

where does the GH joint articulate

A

the humerus articulates with the glenoic cavity

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13
Q

where does the AC joint articulate

A

the acromion process articulates with the clavicle

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14
Q

where does the SC joint articulate

A

the clavicle articulates with the sternum

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14
Q

what are the 3 muslces for upward rotation of the scapula

A

upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior

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15
Q

what is the function of the ST joint

A

moves the scapula into upward rotation

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16
Q

the brachium refers to the

A

upper portion of the arm above the elbow

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17
Q

the antebrachium refers to the

A

lower portion of the arm below the elbow

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18
Q

what muscles of the brachium preform flexion

A

the anterior compartment

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19
Q

what muscles of the brachium perform extension

A

posterior compartment

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20
Q

what splits the numerus into medial and lateral parts

A

the radial groove

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21
Q

what artery goes into the arm

A

right subclavian artery

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22
Q

what splits into w parts with one going to the arm and other going into the brain

A

the brachiocephalic trunk

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23
Q

what is a network that is interlinked to where if 1 part of the artery gets a bloodclot or is unable to get blood into a certain part of the body it allows for other arteries to sprout out to area that did not reserve the blood

A

anastomoses

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24
Q

what branches after the brachiocepthalic trunk to the right

A

the right subclavian artyery

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25
Q

what is the first to come off the heart

A

the brachiocephalic artery

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26
Q

after the right subclavian artery what does the artery turn into

A

the axillary artery

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27
Q

when does the axillary artery begin

A

begins at lateral border of the first rib

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28
Q

does the axillary artery go over or under the clavicle

A

under

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29
Q

what does the axillary artery go and form to

A

the brachial artery

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30
Q

when does the brachial artery start

A

it begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle

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31
Q

what is the deep artery of the arm

A

profunda brachii artery

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32
Q

after the brachial artery it turns into the

A

profunda brachii artery

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33
Q

where does the profunda brachii artery travel in

A

travels in the radial groove

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34
Q

what are the 6 shoulder movements

A

flexion
extension
adductin
abdcution
internal rotation
external rotation

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35
Q

what is a suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by

A

hypertrophy of the suprascapular nerve

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36
Q

what ligament does the suprascpaular nerve get emtraped by

A

superior transverse scapular ligament

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37
Q

does the suprscapular nerve go under or over the ligament

A

under

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38
Q

what artery goes over the superior transverse ligament

A

suprascapular artery

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39
Q

what artery does the supra scapular artery come off of

A

the right subclavian artery

40
Q

what muscles will start to hypertrophy if the suprascapular nerve is entraped

A

the supraspinatus and infraspinatus

41
Q

what is another space that is a potential site of entrapment

A

subacrominal space

42
Q

what are the 3 types of acromion

A

type 1- flat
type 2- curved
type 3- hooked

43
Q

what are the 3 muscles usually torn in the RTC

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

44
Q

what are the 3 types of terars of the RTC

A

articular side
bursal side
full thickness side

45
Q

what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint

A

ball in socket

46
Q

what type of caritlage is the glenoid labrum

A

fibrocartilage “o” ring

47
Q

what is the glenoid labrum connected to

A

long head of the biceps

48
Q

what is a injury that is common in baseball players and it is a tear in the labrum

A

slap tear injuries

49
Q

what is the scapulohumeral rhythm

A

the movement between the ST joint and the GH joint when elevating UE over head

50
Q

how does the scapulothoracic joint more when lifting your arm over head

A

upwardly rotation , protracting and posteriorly tiliting

51
Q

how does the GHJ move when elevating the UE overhead

A

the GHJ MUST externally rotate

52
Q

what is the total shoulder motion

A

180 degrees

53
Q

what is the degress of the STJ during total shoulder motion

A

60 degrees

54
Q

what is the overall ration for the scapulohumeral rhythm

A

2:1 (for ever 3 degress of total ROM , 2 degrees of GHJ and 1 degrees at STJ

55
Q

so if the shoulder ROM was 120 degrees what would be the degrees for the STJ

A

120/3 = 40
so 40 degress of STJ

56
Q

is the movement of the scapulohumeral rhythm linear?

A

no

57
Q

early phase of SHR is

A

initial 30 degrees of abduction

58
Q

is there any scapular movement in the early phase of SHR

A

little to no motion

59
Q

the mid phase of SHR has how muhc ROM

A

30-120 degrees

60
Q

how much scapula movement is in the mid phase of SHR

A

1:1 ration

61
Q

what is the degress of motion in the late phase in the SHR

A

120-180 degrees

62
Q

what is the GHJ and ST joint ratio in the later phase in SHR

A

2-3:1

63
Q

how much distraction does the GHJ capsule allow for

A

2-3 cm

64
Q

the GHJ capsule is

A

lose in the shoulder
can be oulled out anf stretched

65
Q

what are the 3 main ligamnets that give the GHJ capsule support

A

coracohumeral ligament
superior glenohumeral ligament
middle glenohumeral ligament

66
Q

when does the GHJ capsule and ligaments tighten most with the arm in

A

abduction and ER (90/90)

67
Q

what does it if someone is born loose

A

someone is born like that and it is bilateral

68
Q

what is the most moble joint in the body

A

is the shoulder

69
Q

what is a bursa

A

synoival membrane protubes thru aperture in fibrous membrane to form bursa

70
Q

where is a bursa between

A

tendons and fibrous membrane

71
Q

what thickens when you get older

A

subacrominal bursa

72
Q

the sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint

A

synovial saddle type

73
Q

what does the SC joint articulate with

A

head o the clavicle articulating with clavicular notch

74
Q

what type of cartilage is the SC joint

A

fibrocartilage artiicular disc “double jt”

75
Q

what are teh 3 degrees of freedom of the SC joint

A

elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
posterior/anterior rotation

76
Q

which ligaments resist excessive anterior and posterior motion?

A

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament

77
Q

which ligaments resist clavicular elevation and superior glide

A

costoclavicular ligemant

78
Q

what type of joint is the ACJ

A

synovial “plane” joint

79
Q

how many degrees of freedom is the ACJ

A

3 DOF

80
Q

is a ACJ a weak or strong joint capsule

A

week

81
Q

how is the acromion postioned to the clavicle

A

slightly inferior to distal clavicle

82
Q

which ligament is most lateral and glides the clavicle during rotation

A

trapezoid caracoclavicular ligament

83
Q

which ligament stabilizes the AC joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament

84
Q

which ligament is the roof of the subacrominal space

A

coracoacrominal ligament

85
Q

which ligament is triangular in shape and prevents vertical displacement

A

coracoclavicular ligament conoid

86
Q

is the clavicle higher than the acormion

A

yes

87
Q

there is usually a space between the acromion and clavicle which is what joint

A

acromioclavicular joint

88
Q

what region is a clavicular fx common in

A

centeral third region

89
Q

during the first 30 degress of shoulder flexion what does the clavicle have to do

A

the clavicle has to elevate

90
Q

first 30 degress of scapulothoracic joint needs

A

30 degress of clavicular elevation thru A-P axis of sternoclaviular joint

91
Q

the second 30 degrees of ST ROM needs to have how muhc degress of clavicular rotation

A

50 degress of clavicular rotation thru the longitudinal axis of the clavicle at the acromionclavicular joint

92
Q

which way does the clavicular rotate in the last 30 degress of scapular upward rotation

A

postioerly

93
Q

why is the shoulder the most commonly dislocated

A

it is very loose

94
Q

what is the most common dislocation

A

anterior dislocation

95
Q

which nerve can get strecthed and injured during dislocation

A

axillary nerve

96
Q

what is a bankart injury

A

front part of the capsule gets stretched out and torn around 3-6 oclck on right arm and 6-9 on left arm

97
Q
A

ANATOMY TEST 2 (11 decks)

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