lecture 8: rectoral region & shoulder Flashcards
What is a synovial joint
where the distal ends of 2 bones articulate
do synovial joints have articular cartilage
yes
a synovial joint has has a
joint “articular” capsule- outer fibrous/ inner synovial membrane
does a synovial joint have a fluid filled joint cavity
yes
WHat is a functional joint
has NO joint cavity and is help together by soft tisses
how many joints of the shoulder are there
4
what are the 4 joints of the shoulder
glenohumeral joint
acromionclavicular joint
sternoclavicular joint
scapulothoracol joint
which joints are anatomical joints
sc joint
ac joint
gh joint
which joint is the functional joint
scapulothoracic joint
where does the ST joint articulate
between the rib cage and the anterior surface of the scapula
which joint hold the arm in place to the whole body
the sternoclavicular joint
where does the GH joint articulate
the humerus articulates with the glenoic cavity
where does the AC joint articulate
the acromion process articulates with the clavicle
where does the SC joint articulate
the clavicle articulates with the sternum
what are the 3 muslces for upward rotation of the scapula
upper trap
lower trap
serratus anterior
what is the function of the ST joint
moves the scapula into upward rotation
the brachium refers to the
upper portion of the arm above the elbow
the antebrachium refers to the
lower portion of the arm below the elbow
what muscles of the brachium preform flexion
the anterior compartment
what muscles of the brachium perform extension
posterior compartment
what splits the numerus into medial and lateral parts
the radial groove
what artery goes into the arm
right subclavian artery
what splits into w parts with one going to the arm and other going into the brain
the brachiocephalic trunk
what is a network that is interlinked to where if 1 part of the artery gets a bloodclot or is unable to get blood into a certain part of the body it allows for other arteries to sprout out to area that did not reserve the blood
anastomoses
what branches after the brachiocepthalic trunk to the right
the right subclavian artyery
what is the first to come off the heart
the brachiocephalic artery
after the right subclavian artery what does the artery turn into
the axillary artery
when does the axillary artery begin
begins at lateral border of the first rib
does the axillary artery go over or under the clavicle
under
what does the axillary artery go and form to
the brachial artery
when does the brachial artery start
it begins at the inferior border of the teres major muscle
what is the deep artery of the arm
profunda brachii artery
after the brachial artery it turns into the
profunda brachii artery
where does the profunda brachii artery travel in
travels in the radial groove
what are the 6 shoulder movements
flexion
extension
adductin
abdcution
internal rotation
external rotation
what is a suprascapular nerve entrapment caused by
hypertrophy of the suprascapular nerve
what ligament does the suprascpaular nerve get emtraped by
superior transverse scapular ligament
does the suprscapular nerve go under or over the ligament
under
what artery goes over the superior transverse ligament
suprascapular artery
what artery does the supra scapular artery come off of
the right subclavian artery
what muscles will start to hypertrophy if the suprascapular nerve is entraped
the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
what is another space that is a potential site of entrapment
subacrominal space
what are the 3 types of acromion
type 1- flat
type 2- curved
type 3- hooked
what are the 3 muscles usually torn in the RTC
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
what are the 3 types of terars of the RTC
articular side
bursal side
full thickness side
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint
ball in socket
what type of caritlage is the glenoid labrum
fibrocartilage “o” ring
what is the glenoid labrum connected to
long head of the biceps
what is a injury that is common in baseball players and it is a tear in the labrum
slap tear injuries
what is the scapulohumeral rhythm
the movement between the ST joint and the GH joint when elevating UE over head
how does the scapulothoracic joint more when lifting your arm over head
upwardly rotation , protracting and posteriorly tiliting
how does the GHJ move when elevating the UE overhead
the GHJ MUST externally rotate
what is the total shoulder motion
180 degrees
what is the degress of the STJ during total shoulder motion
60 degrees
what is the overall ration for the scapulohumeral rhythm
2:1 (for ever 3 degress of total ROM , 2 degrees of GHJ and 1 degrees at STJ
so if the shoulder ROM was 120 degrees what would be the degrees for the STJ
120/3 = 40
so 40 degress of STJ
is the movement of the scapulohumeral rhythm linear?
no
early phase of SHR is
initial 30 degrees of abduction
is there any scapular movement in the early phase of SHR
little to no motion
the mid phase of SHR has how muhc ROM
30-120 degrees
how much scapula movement is in the mid phase of SHR
1:1 ration
what is the degress of motion in the late phase in the SHR
120-180 degrees
what is the GHJ and ST joint ratio in the later phase in SHR
2-3:1
how much distraction does the GHJ capsule allow for
2-3 cm
the GHJ capsule is
lose in the shoulder
can be oulled out anf stretched
what are the 3 main ligamnets that give the GHJ capsule support
coracohumeral ligament
superior glenohumeral ligament
middle glenohumeral ligament
when does the GHJ capsule and ligaments tighten most with the arm in
abduction and ER (90/90)
what does it if someone is born loose
someone is born like that and it is bilateral
what is the most moble joint in the body
is the shoulder
what is a bursa
synoival membrane protubes thru aperture in fibrous membrane to form bursa
where is a bursa between
tendons and fibrous membrane
what thickens when you get older
subacrominal bursa
the sternoclavicular joint is what type of joint
synovial saddle type
what does the SC joint articulate with
head o the clavicle articulating with clavicular notch
what type of cartilage is the SC joint
fibrocartilage artiicular disc “double jt”
what are teh 3 degrees of freedom of the SC joint
elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
posterior/anterior rotation
which ligaments resist excessive anterior and posterior motion?
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
which ligaments resist clavicular elevation and superior glide
costoclavicular ligemant
what type of joint is the ACJ
synovial “plane” joint
how many degrees of freedom is the ACJ
3 DOF
is a ACJ a weak or strong joint capsule
week
how is the acromion postioned to the clavicle
slightly inferior to distal clavicle
which ligament is most lateral and glides the clavicle during rotation
trapezoid caracoclavicular ligament
which ligament stabilizes the AC joint
acromioclavicular ligament
which ligament is the roof of the subacrominal space
coracoacrominal ligament
which ligament is triangular in shape and prevents vertical displacement
coracoclavicular ligament conoid
is the clavicle higher than the acormion
yes
there is usually a space between the acromion and clavicle which is what joint
acromioclavicular joint
what region is a clavicular fx common in
centeral third region
during the first 30 degress of shoulder flexion what does the clavicle have to do
the clavicle has to elevate
first 30 degress of scapulothoracic joint needs
30 degress of clavicular elevation thru A-P axis of sternoclaviular joint
the second 30 degrees of ST ROM needs to have how muhc degress of clavicular rotation
50 degress of clavicular rotation thru the longitudinal axis of the clavicle at the acromionclavicular joint
which way does the clavicular rotate in the last 30 degress of scapular upward rotation
postioerly
why is the shoulder the most commonly dislocated
it is very loose
what is the most common dislocation
anterior dislocation
which nerve can get strecthed and injured during dislocation
axillary nerve
what is a bankart injury
front part of the capsule gets stretched out and torn around 3-6 oclck on right arm and 6-9 on left arm
