lecture 8 - partiel lobe

Question 1

look at where the partiel lobe is - diagram

Answer 1

back/behind

Question 2

contrast between temporal lobe and parietal lobe

Answer 2

temporal lobe- tells you what things around you are , what memories and emotions are associated

frontal lobe - tells you what you can do with the things around you

Question 3

what is gyrus responsible for

Answer 3

motor processing

Question 4

primary somatosensory cortex responsibility

Answer 4

-feeling things on your body (touch, pain, etc)
Receives input from 20 types of receptors in skin: touch, tempera-ture, stretch, etc
■ contralaterally organized.
■ Electrical stimulations elicits sensations of being touched.
■ Lesions impair various tactile senses.

Question 5

primary somatosensory cortex is _______ organised

Answer 5

contralaterally

Question 6

________ ________ elicits sensations of being touched

Answer 6

electrical stimulations

Question 7

the motor cortex has somatopic organisation

Answer 7

the distribution of areas of the motor cortex relating to specific activities of skeletal muscles, as mapped by electrically stimulating a point in the cortex and observing associated movement of a skeletal muscle in the face, the trunk, or a limb.

Question 8

what is the homonculus

Answer 8

, diminutive fully formed human body

Question 10

what does the parietal lobe do

Answer 10

-creates potential links between body and the world
-in at least 3 different ways

Question 11

3 parts of parietal lobes

Answer 11

-left inferior parietal lobe
-superior parietal lobes
- right inferior parietal lobes

Question 12

what happens when there are lesions to the superior parietal lobes

Answer 12

disorders of visually guided action

Question 13

what is ataxia

Answer 13

-ataxia (failure to put in order)
-ataxia is unsteady and clumsy motion of the limbs, with poorly coordinated movements

Question 14

what is optic ataxia
-how can this happen

Answer 14

optic ataxia specifies that the deficit occurs for movements under visual guidance, even through primary vision, motor control and knowledge about the limbs in space is present.
the inability to accurately point to or reach for objects under visual guidance with intact ability when directed by sound or touch despite normal strength. Therefore, a patient who can see an object may be unable to reach for it accurately until they physically contact it.

Happens after lesions to the superior parietal lobe, and affects the contralateral hand

Question 15

what does the video with the patient that has optic ataxia tell us

Answer 15

-she can recognise objects
-can estimate size of object by scaling the distance between thumb and index finger
Only actions that require visual input are affected
- patients can touch their own body parts.
- reaching to an object from memory is often better
.- can perform well known gestures.
- can pantomine using objects

Question 16

what does the video tell us about patients with optic ataxia
-they can recognise objects- vision?
-can estimate size of object?
-which actions are affected

Answer 16

-patients can recognise objects- this means their vision is intact

-can estimate the size of the object by scaling the distance between thumb and index finger - means their spatial perception is intact

-only actions that require visual input are affected
-patients can touch own body parts
- reaching to an object from memory is often better
.- can perform well known gestures.
- can pantomine using objects

not a disorder of vision or action

Question 17

OA- not a disorder of ______ or ______

Answer 17

vision or action
-its more a disorder of visually guided hand movements - coordination?

Question 18

-hand eye coordination

Answer 18

-coordination of limbs relative to objects
-uniting visual and motor skills to allow hands and sight to work together

Question 19

lesions to the left inferior parietal lobe can cause

Answer 19

-disorders of learned action, skilled action

Question 20

-for humans / organisms to use tools they need to know how to ____ them.
-gestures can also be seen as tools- how?

Answer 20

-use (this is learning)

-gestures can be seen as tools, you have to learn them to use and understand them

Question 21

define apraxia

Answer 21

-apraxia means ‘without action’ and ideomotor means ‘movement ideas’
-altogether this means without action due to lack of movement ideas

-loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the physical ability to perform the movements

Question 22

what are patients with apraxia able and unable to do

Answer 22

-unable to use tools, to pantomime the use of imaginary tools and to recognise pantomimed actions. most cant even imagine the movements

-able to effectively grasp objects, touch parts on their own body, so again its not a problem with motor control

Question 23

lesions to the right inferior parietal lobe can cause

Answer 23

disorders of attention and looking

Question 24

william james idea of attention

Answer 24

-‘the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or train of thought… it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others’

Question 25

right parietal lobe hosts the system of attention etc
-the card changing trick

Answer 25

The notion that we are conscious of all aspects of the world in front of us is an illusion.

 We have to constantly scan the scene to stay conscious of its contents.

 We only store where things are so that we can look at them again if their details are important.

eg card changing trick

Question 26

what is hemispatial neglect

-the effect this has on patients

Answer 26

after damage to right inferior parietal lobe
: forgetting” one side of space (usually left).
 failure to orient toward, explore and respond to stimuli presented on the contralesional side(typically the left hemisphere)

Happens even when stimuli appear in isolation or for sustained periods of time.
 Neglect patients often only talk to people on their right, bump into objects on their left, but are completely unaware of their deficit.

Question 27

what does the right hemisphere control (parietal lobe)

Answer 27

-orientation in space
or movement of the eyes

Question 28

hemispatial neglect- what is it literally

Answer 28

usual control of movement of eyes has a deficit in visual action because patient ‘forgets’ that there are looking opportunities to the left side of space

Imagination is controlled by the same system; imagination is not abstract but seems to rely on a spatially accurate mental image that we scan with imagined eye movements.

Question 29

the parietal lobe links the body to the world in 3 ways :

Answer 29

1: where you can look
2: which visually guided actions you can perform with the objects around you
3: which learned actions you can perform with them