Lecture 8. Object Based Attention, the cognitive neurophychology of attention Flashcards
What was the basis of a spotlight metaphor? what kind of region did it operate on?
A region of space!
What is an updated concept of attention acting on?
That attention acts on the object, not the space that the objects occupy
Rock and Gutman 1981!
Overlapping figures experiment in which participants were asked to concentrate on one shape and not the other and they had strong memory of the attended figure and not the other
What test did the results of Rock and Gutman resemble?
Cherry’s dichotic listening and observation of one channel, not of another
Who did the trumpet/kite experiment
Tipper
What did the overlapping identifiable figures (trumpet/kite) show?
Negative priming!
If we ignore the green figure, and asked to name the red figure, but in a following trial we are asked to name the green figure and ignore the red then it is longer to recognise the green figure because we were required to ignore it firstly
What does negative priming show about the original shape?
We must have, to some extent recognised or taken in the original shape enough to ignore it
Would you love to have a beer with Duncan? how about a box and a line!
We remembered attributes about the box or line only better than attributes about both the box and the line
what about the new cuing task? What was it about the new cuing task that included exogenous cues to indicate object bias
Location markers based within the object were faster
Egly, driver and rafa were cuing boxes right?
Egly Driver and Rafal showed the object based attention cuing task
Moore, yantis and Vaughan made a barre chord out of what?
Objects! even when part of the object is obscured, there was still attentional benefit
FFA?
fusiform face area
PPA
Parahippocampal place area
What is the “where” pathway?
hint: means “back”
hint: it includes the greater area of where cuing issues occur
Dorsal pathway
Parietal lobe
What is the “what” pathway?
hint: means “belly”
hint: what wont be around for long
Ventral pathway
Temporal lobe
Right parietal lobe damage leads to which visual field neglect?
Left
What is the deal with right parietal damage?
What happened with cuing tasks? valid and invalid cuing to the intact visual field vs valid and invalid cuing to the damaged visual field
Side question, who did cuing tasks?
- Posner!
Also, participants with right parietal damage took an expected longer amount of time on cued tasks that to the right, but longer on cued tasks to the left and WAY longer on invalid cued tasks
When processing is directed to the damaged field processing is relatively normal, however when processing is cued to the good field but the target appears in the left then they are far slower, suggesting this is an attentional issue, not a visual one
What happened with the apple and comb scenario?
What phenomenon occurred there?
Perceptual response to one stimulus extinguishes response to another.
when only apple presented, can see apple, when both apple and comb is presented, the left visual field is in deficit
This again indicates there is an attentional deficit, or the cognitive capacity has been reached
What are some rotational examples of object based attention?
barbell focus
What is the inability to focus on individual object and see more than one object at a time
Simultanagnosia
What did treasman find about Balints syndrome?
Combined shape of one object to the colour of another object
tipper’s trumpet showed negative priming and tipper’s tipping showed what about left side visual deficit?
Tipper and behrmann showed that when they rotated the neglected marker to the right, there was now neglect on the right
What was the important aspect about tipper’s tipping though?
the two circles had to be joined together - like a barbel
