Lecture 8 - Neuronal Organization

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System consists of

Answer 1

All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Central Nervous System consists of

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 3

Afferent branches send…

Answer 3

internal and external stimuli to CNS/brain

Question 4

Types of autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

Sympathethic Nervous System

Answer 5

FIGHT OR FLIGHT

Question 6

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 6

REST AND DIGEST

Question 7

Stimuli traveling through explain

Answer 7

-Starts off at the PNS with a stimuli (can be internal or external)
-Receptors convert the stimuli into an electrical signal (part of PNS)
-Signal travels via afferent neurons to the CNS, which processes the signals
-The response exits via efferent neurons to the PNS, the response can be autonomic or somatic

Question 8

What is the spinal cord made of

Answer 8

cervical, thoracic, lumber and sacral vertebrae- nerves are coming out of these vertebrae and are synapsing onto appropriate cells

Question 9

What is ganglion

Answer 9

Ganglion is collection of cell bodies of neurons outside the CNS , while nerves are the axons of neurons that may be afferents carrying sensations or efferents carrying motor commands

Question 10

Neurotransmitters released from the postganglionic synapse in the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

Acetylcholine or Nitric Oxide

Question 11

Neurotransmitters released from the postganglionic synapse in the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

Norepinephrine

Question 12

Types of Spinal Nerves

Answer 12

Sensory Neuron and Motor Neurons

Question 12

Sensory Neurons

Answer 12

transmit sensory information from the environment to the CNS

Question 13

Motor Neurons

Answer 13

transmit messages from the CNS to the muscles

Question 14

Nerves from the base of the brain are called

Answer 14

Cranial nerves

Question 15

Nerves from the spinal cord are called

Answer 15

Spinal nerves

Question 16

What are the three divisions of the brain

Answer 16

Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Question 17

3 parts of the autonomic nervous system are

Answer 17

preganglionic neuron, postganglionic neuron and the target organ

Question 18

Nerves are

Answer 18

group of axons from neurons organized in fascicles and surrounded by layers of connective tissue and also contain blood vessels

Question 19

In the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

-The cell body of the preganglionic is located in the spinal cord and releases acetylcholine
-Acetylcholine is stimulating the postganglionic, located next to the spinal cord (the cell body is located in a sympathetic ganglion) and releases norepinephrine/noradrenaline
-The preganglionic neuron is synapsing onto many postganglionic neurons (thus gives us a fast respond in flight/fight situation)

Question 20

In the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 20

-the cell body of the preganglionic neuron is located in the brainstem or the sacral spinal cord and releases acetylcholine
-the postganglionic neuron is in a ganglion near the target organ and releases acetylcholine or sometimes nitric oxide

Question 21

A bundle of neurons is called

Answer 21

A fascicle which is wrapped in the perineurium

Question 22

Nerves and neuron are interchangable?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Group of fascicles and blood vessels wrapped in epineurium is called

Answer 23

Nerve

Question 24

Difference between nerve and a neuron

Answer 24

-Myelinated neuron is wrapped in endoneurium
-A bundle of neuron is called a fascicle which is wrapped in perineurium
-Groups of fascicles and blood vessels wrapped in epineurium is called a nerve