Lecture 8: Health Promotion

Question 1

Almeda County Study

Answer 1

Research Method: Longitudinal Cohort Study for 17 years. N=7 000 adults
IV: # of 7 health habits engaged in
DV: Morbidity and Morality

Results: Mortality Rates for adults following only 0- 3 habits compared to 7 were:
* Women showed a 43% greater mortality rate
* Men showed a 28% greater mortality rate
* Less social support (friends, relatives, church, clubs) = death rate 3x greater than those with friends

Question 2

What are The 7 Health Habits

Answer 2

○ 7-8h sleep
○ Not smoking
○ Eating breakfast
○ No more than 2 alcoholic drinks/day
○ Regular exercise
○ No snacking
○ No more than 10% overweight

Question 3

What is Health promotion?

Answer 3

Health promotion: Any event, process, or activity that allows the protection or improvement of health of people

Question 4

What is Self-care?

Answer 4

the ability of individuals, families and communities to promote health, prevent disease, maintain health, and cope with illness and disability with or without the support of a health worker.
Driven by individual, behaviours that are self-organized, not by the health care provider

Question 5

What are the 3 impacts of social media on mental health?

Answer 5

• Daily Social Media Use >2h -> higher psychological stress, depression, anxiety; lower self-esteem and life satisfaction
• Younger heavier social media users more likely to experience internalizing symptoms
• Insomnia, rumination, and perceived social support mediates relationship between social media addiction and depression

Question 6

Reasons why people struggle to preform self-care: Behaviour changes

Answer 6

• Attachment to unhealthy behaviours
• Lack of motivation to change
• Difficulty deciding when in the lifespan to adopt a healthy lifestyle
• Difficulty in maintaining healthy behaviour over time

Question 7

Reasons why people struggle to preform self-care: Illness related factors

Answer 7

• Multimorbidity-difficulty integrating self- care across conditions
• Inadequate response to symptoms; knowing the right time to seek help
• Life events that interact with illness to interfere with healthy behaviour

Question 8

What are the 3 components of health promotion intervention?

Answer 8

• Prevention - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
• Behavioural Change Approaches - Social Cognitive Models (SCMs)
• Community Development Approach

Question 9

What is primary prevention?

Answer 9

Primary Prevention - Efforts aimed at reducing risks or threats to health
* Prevent exposure to hazards
* Alter unhealthy behaviour or habits
* Increase resistance to disease should it occur
* e.g. getting a flu short to prevent getting sick

Question 10

What is Secondary Prevention?

Answer 10

Secondary Prevention - Aims to reduce the impact of disease or injury that has already occurred
* Detect and treat disease/injury as soon as possible to slow or halt its progress
* Encourage personal strategies to prevent re-injury or recurrence
* Programs to help people return to original health and function
* e.g. early detections like mammograms or plan B

Question 11

What is Tertiary Prevention?

Answer 11

Tertiary Prevention - Soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has long lasting effects
* Help people cope with complex health problems and impairments
* Improve their quality of life and life expectancy even though they are living with the disease

Question 12

Community Development Approach

Answer 12

Individuals act collectively in order to change their environment rather than themselves

Question 13

Barbershop setting for health promotion (DAVIS, 2011)

Question 14

Men’s sheds (Wilson et al., 2016)

Question 15

Canada Indigenous Health-Prenatal & toddler programs (Smylie, 2016)

Question 16

Factors that increase campaign effectiveness

Answer 16

Targeted to audience
* Age, education level, demographic relevance (e.g., smokers for a nonsmoking ad)

Audience appropriate
* Language level
* Relevant to lifestyle
* Similarities b/w actors/message and audience

Clearly state behaviour/event of relevance
Primary, secondary, or tertiary message
Prevention, detection, maintenance
Attention grabbing message
Tailoring, framing, appropriate level of fear
Provide audience with reasonable strategies to change behaviour

Question 17

Science communication

Answer 17

Science communication - The practice of informing, educating, raising awareness of science-related topics

Question 18

Fridman et al., 2020

Answer 18

• Trust in government sources positively correlated with accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and adhering to certain health behaviours (ex. social distancing)
• Trust in private sources was negatively associated with knowledge about COVID19
• Trust in social networks negatively associated with knowledge and adherence to social distancing

Question 19

What makes “good” Scicomm? Story telling

Answer 19

Storytelling - Packaging your message
○ Making the message personal
○ Human first, scientist second
○ Authenticity, uniqueness, & personalization
○ Passion, enthusiasm, & humour

Question 20

What makes “good” Scicomm? Communication

Answer 20

Communication - Clarity > Sounding “Smart”
○ Defining your audience
○ Inclusion and accessibility
○ Engagement, interaction & collaboration
○ Communicating with people, rather than to them

Question 21

What makes “good” Scicomm? Message

Answer 21

Message - What is your goal?
○ Why are you here?
○ What do you want to say?
○ Why should people care?
○ Inspiration, and curiosity
○ Not about giving the right answer, but giving the right questions