Lecture 8 - feminism Flashcards
naučit vás jak být správní feministé more
What does power do + who’s idea?
Power does not repress but it produces (desires and our subjectivity) - Foucault (myslím??)
How does power structure itself?
As a complex network - schools, prisons, hospitals, city structures
What is Foucault’s problem of agency?
The discourse of knowledge and power explains how subjects come into being but not their agency - ,,can docile bodies have agency?”
What is Foucault’s response to the problem of agency?
Subject’s agency takes place in questions of ethics - discourses allow for agency in specific discourses of ethics (mindfulness, self-help)
What is the paradox of agency?
How can a subject have agency when it is determined by discourse?
What is the response to Paradox of agency?
There’s a difference between free (not determined) and free (socially constituted) - ig the agency is just limited?
How does essentialism assume fixed collective identities?
Cultural identity is not fixed but a constant state of becoing - elements of race, nationality, class, age into a temporary unity of identity
How is feminism connected to CS?
- connections with non-academic movements
- challnges the types of discursive knowledge
- includes marginal groups in knowledge and power production
Definition of patriarchy
structural subordination of women by men
List some examples of different feminisms
liberal, socialist, black, postcolonial, postfeminism…
Yapp about the first wave of feminism
Late 19th + early 20th century, Suffragettes - strictly political needs, equal rights + the right to vote
Yapp about the second wave of feminism
1960s - 80s, cultural and political gender roles are linked - personal is political, more cultural inequalities (discrimination, abortion rights), Simone de Beauvoir - The second sex (one is not born but becomes a woman - they have to conform to men’s expectation, no essence to being a woman)
Yapp about the third wave of feminism
Anti-essentialist + no universal claims about women, criticized 2nd wave for being too white and privileged, post-structuralist view - no binary divisions in sex, gender
Queer theory - who is behind it + what does it say?
Judith Butler - Gender trouble - questions equating of sex and gender + claims of universal idea of womanhood. Science proves that even in biology, a lot of poeple dont fall into the set categories
What are some wrong assumptions regarding sex?
It is binary, determines gender, behaviour and sexual preference
What do liberal and socialist feminisms advocate for?
Differences are socio-economical/cultural constructs - there is a need for equality in the respective spheres
What does Difference feminism advocate for?
Essential differences between genders are recognized and celebrated - power for women
What does black and post-colonial feminisms advocate for?
Traditional feminism is white - race and ethnicity produce different experiences to being a woman
What does post-structuralist feminism advocate for?
Sex and gender are complete constructions (most relevant to CS)
What does post-feminism advocate for?
It recognizes progress already made but women are no longer at a victims and if they continue to act like it, it will worsen their position
What is the view of CS on race and ethnicity?
Race is a social construction and not a n universal or essential category of biology
What does Stuart Hall say about race?
Race does not exist outside its representation - it is formed in a process of social and political power struggle. If the concept of black is not stabilized by nature or something similar, it has to be constructed socially, culturally and politically
Which concept reflects Hall’s view on race?
Ethnicity - account for the historical and cultural aspect in the construction of subjectivity and identity and the discourse’s present
Explain the concept of white innocence
White people living in their own discourse typically disregard racism as being a huge problem
With what does race always appear?
With other divisive categories - class, gender, ethnicity…
What is a National identity?
A form of imaginative identefication with symbols and discourses of a certain nation-state
Who came up with the idea that all communities larger than primordial villages are imagined?
Anderson
What is the Paradox of the nation-state
Nation-states are relevant only recently (19th century) but nationalism claims that national identity existed throughout history and we share some bond with older generations - we enhance some aspects of the culture…
What are 3 elements of imagining the nation?
It is limited, sovereign and a community
What is a key aspect of imagined communities?
Horizontality - the relations in kingdoms were subjectde to the king, nowadays they are horizontal - everyone reads the same newspaper, at the same time…
What language ,,invented” nationalism?
The print language - print-nationalism - reading and education had the biggest roles
