Lecture 8 - Design Concepts and Principles

Question 1

Compartmentalization of data and function in software represents…

Answer 1

Modularity

Question 2

What is a procedure in software?

Answer 2

Algorithm that achieves a function

Question 3

The degree to which a module performs one and only one function describes which Functional Independence?

Answer 3

Cohesion

Question 4

The degree to which a module is “connected” to other modules in the system describes which Functional Independence?

Answer 4

Coupling

Question 5

When one module directly accesses or modifies the internal data or methods of another module, what type of coupling is it?

Answer 5

Content coupling

Question 6

class ModuleA {
    public int data;
    public void setData(int value) {
        this.data = value;
    }
}

class ModuleB {
    public void modifyData(ModuleA ma) {
        moduleA.data = 42;
    }
}

The following is an example of what type of coupling?

Answer 6

Content coupling

Question 7

Multiple modules sharing the same global data/resource where changes to shared resource can affect multiple modules is what type of coupling?

Answer 7

Common coupling

Question 8

TF: Common coupling has a high level of interdependence

Answer 8

True

Question 9

class CommonData {
    public static int sharedValue = 0;
}
class ModuleA {
    public void incrementSharedValue() {
        CommonData.sharedValue++;
    }
}
class ModuleB {
    public void decrementSharedValue() {
        CommonData.sharedValue--;
    }
}

The following is an example of what type of coupling?

Answer 9

Common coupling

Question 10

One module influencing the control flow of another module, usually passing control information (flags, parameters) is what type of coupling?

Answer 10

Control coupling

Question 11

class ModuleA {
    public void process(boolean flag) {
        if (flag) {
            // Perform certain actions
        } else {
            // Perform other actions
        }
    }
}
class ModuleB {
    public void controlModuleA() {
        ModuleA moduleA = new ModuleA();
        moduleA.process(true); 
        // Control flag passed
    }
}

The following is an example of what type of coupling?

Answer 11

Control coupling

Question 12

Modules sharing data structures such as records or arrays and only use a portion of that data is what type of coupling?

Answer 12

Stamp Coupling

Question 13

What is one disadvantage of Stamp coupling?

Answer 13

Sharing of data structures and only using parts of it can lead to inefficiencies and unnecessary dependencies

Question 14

Modules communicating by passing data as parameters or through method calls is what kind of coupling?

Answer 14

Data coupling

Question 15

class ModuleA {
    public int add(int x, int y) {
        return x + y;
    }
}
class ModuleB {
    public void performOperation() {
        ModuleA moduleA = new ModuleA();
        int result = moduleA.add(3, 4);
        System.out.println("Result: " + result);
    }
}

The following is an example of what type of coupling?

Answer 15

Data coupling

Question 16

Modules communicating by sending messages to each other, using queues or events is what kind of coupling?

Answer 16

Message coupling

Question 17

TF: Message coupling is a worse design practice than data coupling

Answer 17

False. Better design since reduces direct dependencies between modules

Question 18

Modules that are entirely independent of each other is what kind of coupling?

Answer 18

No coupling

Question 19

TF: Coincidental cohesion is the strongest cohesion

Answer 19

False. Weakest cohesion

Question 20

What is coincidental cohesion?

Answer 20

When elements of a module doesn’t share any common purpose, grouped arbitrarily

Question 21

Elements within a module are grouped together because they perform related tasks describes what type of cohesion?

Answer 21

Logical cohesion

Question 22

public class CohesionExample {
    public void validateInput() {
        // Validate user input
    }
    public void calculateResult() {
        // Perform calculations
    }
    public void displayOutput() {
        // Display the result
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 22

Logical cohesion

Question 23

Execution of elements is at the same time - such as during a single function call or at a specific event - is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 23

Temporal cohesion

Question 24

public class CohesionExample {
    public void processOrder() {
        // Validate order
        // Calculate total
        // Generate invoice
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 24

Temporal cohesion

Question 25

Components of a module grouped together because they always follow a specific sequence of execution is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 25

Procedural cohesion

Question 26

public class CohesionExample {
    public void performInitialization() {
        // Initialize variables
        // Load configuration
    }
    public void performCleanup() {
        // Close connections
        // Clean up resources
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 26

Procedural cohesion

Question 27

Components of a module grouped together because they operate on the same input data or communicate with same external entity is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 27

Communicational cohesion

Question 28

public class CohesionExample {
    public void readData() {
        // Read data from a file
    }

    public void processData() {
        // Process the read data
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 28

Communicational cohesion

Question 29

Components of a module grouped together such that the output of one element serves as the input for the next is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 29

Sequential cohesion

Question 30

public class CohesionExample {
    public void performStep1() {
        // Step 1 of a multi-step process
    }

    public void performStep2() {
        // Step 2 of the process
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 30

Sequential cohesion

Question 31

All components of a module working together to perform a single, well-defined task or function, where each module contributes to overall purpose is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 31

Functional cohesion

Question 32

TF: Functional cohesion is the strongest cohesion

Answer 32

True

Question 33

public class CohesionExample {
    public void calculateTotal(int[] items) {
        // Calculate the total cost of items
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 33

Functional cohesion

Question 34

Elements of a module grouped together because they operate on the same data or share a common data structure is considered what type of cohesion?

Answer 34

Informational cohesion

Question 35

When is informational cohesion most commonly used in?

Answer 35

Data-centric modules

Question 36

public class CohesionExample {
    private int[] data;

    public void processData() {
        // Process data stored in the 'data' array
    }
}

This is an example of what type of cohesion?

Answer 36

Informational cohesion

Question 37

TF: Temporal cohesion is considered strong cohesion when elements in a module are executed together at same time, and their execution order crucial to achieving module’s specific purpose

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What aspect of architectural design representation defines the components of a system (modules, objects) and how they are packaged to encapsulate both data and processing of the data?

Answer 38

Structural properties

Question 39

What architectural design description addresses how design architecture achieves requirements for performance, capacity, reliability, etc.?

Answer 39

Extra-functional properties

Question 40

What aspect architectural design draws upon repeatable patterns that are commonly encountered in design of similar systems?

Answer 40

Families of related systems

Question 41

“Design should have the ability to reuse architectural building blocks” relates to what aspect of architectural design?

Answer 41

Families of related systems