Lecture 8 - Conflict and Communication Flashcards
What did Jowett & Shanmugarn (2016) say about the CA relationsihp
- introducing this area
At the heart of coaching lies the dyadic coach-athlete relationship
What is a theoretical argument for how to create effective coaching
- introducting this area
- Technical Coaching
+ - Relational Coaching
= Effective/ Successful coaching
You can have a coach who is technically very good, but having relationships with the athletes help the athletes performance just get to the top level - to the point where they have effective outcomes, wellbeing etc
Outline what a successful relationship acts as a building block towards?
- introduction - how do you develop these successful relationships
- A successful relationship is a building block
- It leads to these things:• Motivation•Support•Wellbeing•Performance•Personal Growth
But how do you develop these successful relationships? – the answer is communication
How is communication the answer to the question: “how do we build these successful relationships”
- introducing
•How do you build successful relationships – answer is communication- it’s the driving force/ fuel for the relationship
- openness builds trust
- transfer knowledge and skills via communication
- Vealey (2005): Communication transmits competence, knowledge and Skills
- CA relationship – transmits care, concern, respect & Trust
- Communication is an interpersonal exchange shaped by various factors, including:• Value System, • Personal characteristics, • Tensions and • Situational dimensions
•Communication builds on the 3Cs – talking about the 3Cs lead to good CA relationships!!!!**!!!!!!*! IMportant
Outline compass, the key 7 strategies of communication
- Describing the model
- from - Rhind & Jowett (2008, 2010, 2012)
- COULD BE STEP 2 OF WACHSMUTHS MODEL - PREVENTATIVE MEASURES
COMPASS: 7 Key strategies of communication
- Rhind & Jowett (2008, 2010, 2012)
- Conflict Management
- identifying, discussing, resolving, monitoring potential areas of disagreement - Openness
- promoting open communication/ feedback - Motivational
- Providing reasons for the other person to stay in the relationship, why am I and why are you here? - Preventative
- Discussing expectations and what should happen if these are not met, what areas might eventually lead to conflict
- Put cards on table and set out expectations, if this doesn’t happen we might have conflict
- Prevention > cure - Assurance
- Showing commitment to the relationship – letting them know you are committed - Support
- helping each other through difficult times. E.g. giving athlete psych skills to succeed, but also knowing coach may need support too - Social Networks
- Socialise together to maintain a common social network – make sure you have a common social network
Coaches and athletes are both encouraged to use these
- if they don’t = negative relationships: distant, non-committed, non-complementary
- if they do use it = positive relationship, Close, committed, complementary
- related to the 3C’s
How do we assess COMPASS
- measurement
Using the Coach-Athlete Relationship Maintenance Questionnaire (CARM-Q)
- 28 items - have to agree/ disagree to the extent if a statement is accurate, on scale of 1-7
- Identifies parts of the COMPASS that are lower than others - ideally they are all high but this is rare
- some knock on effect as being high in one area might be high in another.
What are the links between the 3C’s and COMPASS
For one: Coaches and athletes are both encouraged to use theseCOMPASS methods
- if they don’t = negative relationships: distant, non-committed, non-complementary
- if they do use it = positive relationship, Close, committed, complementary
- related to the 3C’s
But each of the 3C’s is linked to each of the 7 Strategies (Some relate to more than one of the C’s)
Closeness:
- Social Networks
- Support
- Openness
Commitment
- Conflict Management
- Assurance
- Support
Complementarity
- Conflict Management
- Motivational
- Preventative
Even if you have a great relationship, with these 7 strategies, feeding into the 3C’s - conflict can still happen, e.g. Katie Taylor
How did Wachsmuth et al (2016) define interpersonal conflict in the context of CA dyads?
- introducing conflict
Wachsmuth et al (2016)
- Interpersonal conflict in coach-athlete Dyads is:”A situation in which relationship partners perceive a disagreement about, for example, values, needs, opinions, or objectives that is manifested through negative cognitive, affect and behavioural reactions”
Whats the relationship between the 3C’s and interpersonal conflict
- so we’ve seen how conflict is linked to compass (and good relationships)
- but how does conflict link to bad relationships/ conflict
- Jowett (2009)
- Negative relationship between 3Cs and Interpersonal conflict - as the 3Cs go down, chances of conflict go up
- Jowett (2009)
- relationships that are committed and complementary= more likely to be supportive and significant in athletes life
- Relationships that are close= more likely to prevent experiencing feelings like anger and uncertainty in conflict
- so the higher the 3C’s, the less likely to be conflict
Outline Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) model of interpersonal conflict
- Describing the model
You have:
- Determinants
- Potential Conflict prevention
- -Successful or Unsuccessful management strategies– - Conflict Nature
- Consequences
Outline the 3 determinants - part 1 of Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) model of interpersonal conflict
- Describing the first part of the model
Identified 3 categories of things that could lead to conflict:
- Intrapersonal factors
- lots of things
- personality, worldviews, self-esteem, motivation, competence, skills, experiences - Interpersonal factors
- Incompatibility (just don’t get on), poor communication and relationship quality, inaffective motivational climate (task vs ego) and leadership
- communication again is important here - External Factors
- situational circumstances, social and social-cultural differences
- could be governing bodies, media, private lives spill out into CA relationship
Outline reseach into the 3 determinants - part 1 of Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) model of interpersonal conflict
- Research into the first part of the model
- Intrapersonal Factors
•gender: females more social conflict, males more task conflict: overall more conflict with males
•personality: red personalities (0-100), lacking openness, high neuroticism, insecure - Interpersonal Factors
•Communication quantity and quality, feedback styles (e.g. Mellialieu et al, 2013)
•roles, goals and expectations (Benson et al, 2013)•relationship quality (e.g. Jowett, 2009)
•Coaching/ leadership style: autocratic vs controlling (Tamminen et al, 2013) - External factors
•situational circumstances and social and social-cultural differences (e.g. language customs)
•private life
Can you still have conflict in good relationships
Yes you can - Katie Taylor
•The more interdependent the relationship, the more the opportunities for conflict
•Can have a very good CA relationship- but there is still potential for conflict
• Might be trivial – just having a bad day- but might be long term – going on for months
Outline Step 3 of Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) model of interpersonal conflict - Conflict Nature
- describing the MODEL
In the MODEL (not in research), Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) describe conflict nature as being made up of 2 things:
- CONTENT of the conflict
- Cognitions
- emotions
- behaviour - Conflict is DESCRIBED by
- duration
- frequency
- intensity
Outline Step 3 of Wachsmuth, Jowett & Harwood (2016) model of interpersonal conflict - Conflict Nature - FROM THE RESEARCH THIS TIME
- what did WACHSMUTH, JOWETT & HARWOOD (2018) DESCRIBE CONFLICT AS
- describing the MODEL
These researchers described conflict as being made up of two things:
1. Conflict Characteristics
•Intensity (mild to severe)
•Duration (short while to long term/ ongoing)
• Frequency (rarely to like every day)
•Timing (what time of season)
•Locations (e.g. training ground, competition, venue, meetings)
- Conflict Topics
• could be TRIVIAL OR CRUCIAL
- might be a crucial topic to the relationship, e.g. performance, motivation, wellbeing
- or could be trivial, but be the straw that broke the camels back
Topics include:
•Sport (performance, feedback, training, goals, load, team selection)• lifestyle (outside sport environment, athletes behaviours; nutrition, alcohol, misbehavior, or coachs behaviours; over-involvement with private life)•Misconduct: (behaviours perceived as disrespectful or inappropriate, e.g. late or physically aggression
They then outlined 3 things that occur during conflict - with reference to emotions, cognitions and behaviour:
- Conflict Emotions, 2. Conflict Cognitions, 3. Conflict behaviours - will explain them each in the next cards
