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Anatomy Exam 2 > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two sensory nerves that supply the shoulder?

A

The supraclavicular and the cutaneous branches of the dorsal rami

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2
Q

What does the supraclavicular nerve innervate?

A

From the c3/c4

innervates the skin over the clavicle and superior lateral aspect of the pectoralis major

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3
Q

What does the cutaneous branch of the dorsal rami innervate?

A

the skin on either side of the midline of the back

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4
Q

What are the articulating bones of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. articular notch on the sternum
  2. sternal end of the clavicle
  3. first costal cartilage
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5
Q

What are the ligaments that are involved in the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  1. anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament (ant movements of the clavicular head)
  2. costoclavicular ligament (elevation and depression, pro and retraction, main check elevation
  3. interclavicular
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6
Q

What are the functional types of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

diarthrotic and triaxial

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7
Q

What is the structural type of the sternoclavicular join?

A
  • synovial
  • shallow saddle
  • articular disc (attached to superior clavicle and manubirum and the first costal cartilage)
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8
Q

What are the articulating bones of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. concave facet on the acromion process

2. concave facet on the lateral end of the clavicle

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9
Q

What are the structural types of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. synovial

2. plane

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10
Q

What are the functional types of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

triaxial
diarthrotic
gliding and rotation of the scapula on the clavicle

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11
Q

What are the movements of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. scapular rotation (AP axis)
  2. winging of the vertebral border of the scapula (vertical axis)
  3. tipping of the interior angle of the scapula (coronal axis)
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12
Q

What are the ligaments that are involved in the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  1. acromioclavicular- superior and inferior movement, reinforce the joint capsule
  2. coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid and conoid)
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13
Q

What are the articulating bones of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. glenoid fossa of the scapula

2. head of the humerus

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14
Q

What are the structural types of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. synovial

2. ball and socket

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15
Q

What are the functional types of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • triaxial
  • diarthrotic
  • flexion and extension
  • abduction and adduction
  • circumduction
  • lateral and medial rotation
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16
Q

What are the ligaments that are involved in the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. glenohumeral
  2. coracohumeral
  3. coracoacromial
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17
Q

What are the movements of the glenohumeral joint?

A

flexion and extension of the brachium
abduction and adduction of the brachium
lateral and medial rotation of the brachium
(triaxial)

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18
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation

SUBCLAVIUS

A
  1. o-junction of the first rib and the first costal cartilage
    insertion-inferior surface of the middle third of the clavicle
  2. action: anchors and depresses the clavicle
  3. innervation- nerve to the subclavius (c5/c6)
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19
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
PECT MAJOR

A
  1. origin:
    -anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle
    -anterior surface of the manubrium and body of the sternum
    -aponeurosis of the external oblique
    insertion:
    -lateral lip of the inter tubercular groove and crease of the greater tubercle
  2. action:
    -adducts and medial rotates the arm (humerus)
    -extends the arm
    -flexes the arm
    -draws the scapula inferiorly and anteriorly
  3. innervation:
    -lateral and medial pectoral nerves
    clavicular head (c5/c6)
    sternal head (c7/c8/t1) `
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20
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation

PECT MINOR

A
  1. origin- ribs near the 3-5 costal cartilage
    insertion- coracoid process
  2. action: draws the scapula inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
  3. innervation: medial pectoral nerve
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21
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

A
  1. proximal attachment: external surface of the lateral parts of ribs 1-3
    distal attachment: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
  2. action: protracts the scapula, fixes the the thoracic wall, rotates the scapula
  3. innervation: long thoracic (5,6,7)
22
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation

TRAPEZIUS COMPLEX

A
  1. proximal attachment:
    upper: external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line and ligament nuclear, spinous process c7
    middle: spinous process TV 1-6
    lower: spinous process TV 7-12
    distal attachment:
    upper: lateral third of the clavicle
    middle: acromion and the crest of the scapular spine
    lower: tubercle of the scapula
  2. action:
    upper: elevates the scapula (shrug)
    middle: adducts (retracts) the scapula
    lower: depresses the scapula
    upper and lower work together to rotate the scapula
  3. innervation: CN XI and the ventral rami of the 3rd and 4th cervical nerves
23
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation

LATISSIMUS DORSI

A
  1. proximal attachment:
    -spines of the TV 7-12 and lumbar and sacral vertebrae via the thoracolumbar fascia; posterior iliac crest and ribs 9-12
    distal attachment:
    -floor of the inter tubercular groove
  2. action: extends, adducts, and internally rotates the humerus
  3. innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (c6-c8)
24
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation
  4. blood

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

A
  1. proximal attachment: transverse process CV 1-4
    distal attachment: medial border of the scapula at the level above the spine
  2. action: elevates the scapula at the superior angle and assists in the downward rotation of the scapula
  3. innervation: cervical nerves (c3-c5) and the dorsal scapular nerve
  4. blood: dorsal scapular artery
25
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
RHOMBOID MAJOR

A
  1. proximal- spines of TV 2-4 (sometimes 5)
    distal: medial border of the scapula from the spine inferiorly to the inferior angle
  2. action: adducts the scapula; rotates the glenoid process and the fossa down, fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
  3. innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
  4. blood: dorsal scapular artery
26
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation
  4. blood

RHOMBOID MINOR

A
  1. proximal attachment: spines of the CV7 and TV1 and the lower end of the ligaments nuchae
    distal: medial border of the scapula from the spine inferiorly to the inferior angle
  2. action: adducts the scapula; rotates the glenoid process and the fossa down, fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
  3. innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
  4. blood: dorsal scapular artery
27
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of

  1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
  2. action
  3. innervation
  4. blood

DELTOID

A
  1. proximal: lateral 1.3 of the clavicle; acromion and spinal scapulae
    distal: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
  2. action: flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates the humerus
  3. innervation: axillary nerve (C5C6)
  4. blood: deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery
28
Q

What muscles are in charge of elevating the scapula?

A

Levator scapulae and the rhomboids

29
Q

What muscles are in charge of depressing the scapula?

A

lat dorsi

30
Q

What muscles are in charge of scapular abduction?

A

serratus anterior

31
Q

What are the muscles that are in charge of upwards rotation of the scapula?

A

serratus anterior and the upper and lower trapezius

32
Q

What are the muscles that are in charge of downwards rotation of the scapula?

A

rhomboid and the levator scapulae

33
Q

What are the muscles that are in charge of the abduction of the shoulder?

A

mid deltoids and the biceps with the assist

34
Q

Describe the movement of the scapulothoracic joint

A

sliding of the scapula against the thoracic wall

35
Q

What are the 3 components of the coracoacromial arch?

A
  1. acromion process
  2. coracoid process
  3. coracoacromial ligament
36
Q

What is the function of the coracoacromial joint?

A

to prevent superior dislocation of the humeral head and protect it from a blow from above

37
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
38
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
SUPRASPINATUS

A
  1. proximal: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
    distal: superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
  2. works with the deltoid in the abduction of the humerus, acts with the others to stabilize the joints
  3. innervation: supra scapular nerve
  4. blood: suprascapular artery
39
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
INFRASPINATUS

A
  1. proximal: infraspinatus fossa of the clavicle
    distal: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
  2. action: lateral rotates the humerus; holds the humerus head in place
  3. innervation: suprascapular nerve (c5/c6)
  4. blood: suprascapular artery
40
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
TERES MINOR

A
  1. proximal attachment: middle part of the lateral border of the scapula
    distal: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
  2. action: laterally rotates the humerus; holds the humerus in place
  3. innervation: axillary nerve (c5/c6)
  4. blood: circumflex scapular artery
41
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
SUBSCAPULARIS

A
  1. proximal: subscapular fossa of the scapula
    distal: lesser tubercle of the humerus
  2. action: medially rotates and adducts the humerus, hold the humerus head in place
  3. innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves (c5,c6,c7)
  4. blood: suprascapular artery
42
Q

Describe the following muscle in terms of
1. origin/insertion (or prod and distal attachments)
2. action
3. innervation
4. blood
TERES MAJOR

A
  1. Proximal: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
    Distal: medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) groove of humerus
  2. Action: adducts and medially rotates humerus
  3. Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
  4. Blood: circumflex scapular artery
43
Q

Shoulder Complex Components

A

Scapulothoracic joint, coracoacromial arch, and subacromial/subdeltoid bursae

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the quadrilateral space?

A

Inferior glenohumeral capsule, teres major, triceps longus, surgical neck of humerus

45
Q

What are the contents of the quadrilateral space?

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

46
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder complex?

A

Anterior/posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament, superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligaments, and coracoclavicular ligament

47
Q

What is the range of motion for the shoulder and how much is contributed by each joint?

A

Full abduction of 180 degrees; 120 contributed by glenohumeral joint, 60 contributed by scapulothoracic movement (40 by sternoclavicular joint and 20 by acromioclavicular joint)

48
Q

What are the steps in arm abduction?

A
  1. Movement of scapula
  2. Snubbing of head of humerus into glenoid fossa
  3. First few degrees of abduction
  4. External rotation of humerus
49
Q

Which nerve is injured in deltoid paralysis?

A

Axillary nerve

50
Q

Which nerve is injured in serratus anterior paralysis?

A

long thoracic nerve

51
Q

Which muscle is most often torn when injuring the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus muscle

Anatomy Exam 2 (8 decks)

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