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BI 213 - Midterm 1 Stuff > Lecture 8 > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What challenges do plants face when living on land instead of in the water?

A
  • UV radiation
  • Desiccation
  • Exchanging gases
  • Supporting plant body in the air
  • Obtaining Nutrients
  • Exchanging gametes
  • Dispersal of Offspring
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2
Q

Gamete

A

A haploid cel that fuses with another gamete to produce a diploid organism

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3
Q

Spore

A

A haploid cell that grows directly into an organism by mitosis; usually encased in a tough coat to resist drying

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4
Q

Gametophyte

A

The haploid part of the life cycle that produces gametes

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5
Q

Sporophyte

A

The diploid part of the life cycle that produces spores

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6
Q

Major Groups of Land Plants

A
  1. ) Nonvascular Plants: Bryophytes
  2. ) Seedless Vascular Plants: Ferns and Allies
  3. ) Seed Plants: Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
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7
Q

What are the two major challenges plants faced to adapt on land?

A
  1. ) Avoiding desiccation and obtaining water

2. ) Reproducing in dry conditions

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8
Q

What did plants develop to avoid desiccation?

A

Developed Cuticles, Stomata, and Vascular tissue.
Cuticle: Waxy layer that prevents water loss from stems and leaves
Stomata: Have pores that allow gas exchange in photosynthetic tissue

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9
Q

What did plants develop for reproducing in dry conditions?

A

-Spores, Pollen, Seeds, Flowers, Fruit

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10
Q

Bryophytes

A
  • Nonvascular Plant (Lacks True Vascular Tissue)
  • Mosses, Hornworts, Liverworts
  • gametophyte dominant and photosynthetic
  • sporophyte attached and often not photosynthetic
  • motile sperm
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11
Q

Ferns and Allies

A
  • Seedless Vascular Plant
  • Ferns, Club Mosses, Horntails
  • Sporophyte dominant
  • Gametophyte reduced and free-living
  • Motile sperm
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12
Q

Gymnosperms

A
  • Seed Plants; Also have vascular Tissue
  • Cycads, Conifers, Ginkgo
  • Sporophyte dominant
  • Gametophyte greatly reduced and attached
  • Sperm delivered by pollen
  • Pollen produced in cones
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13
Q

Angiosperms

A

“flowering plants”

  • Seed Plants; also have vascular tissue
  • Grasses, Filbert, Corpse Flower
  • Sporophyte dominant
  • Gametophyte greatly reduced and attached
  • Sperm delivered by pollen
  • Pollen produced in flowers
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14
Q

Pollen

A

Tiny male gametophyte surrounded by a tough covering

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15
Q

Dispersal of gametes

A
  1. )Moss and Ferns: Swimming Sperm

2. )Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Pollen Delivers sperm nucleus to egg

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16
Q

Dispersal of Seeds

A
  • Wind dispersal is common in gymnosperms and some angiosperms
  • Some plants use animals to disperse seeds too
17
Q

Dispersal of Offspring

A
  1. )Gymno/Angiosperms: Seeds Disperse

2. ) Moss/Ferns: Spores Disperse

BI 213 - Midterm 1 Stuff (11 decks)

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