Lecture 8

Question 0

_____________________ is the delay between the initial sound of a consonant and the onset of vibration of the vocal cords. It can be the determining factor in why one phoneme sounds different from another.

Answer 0

Voice-onset time

Question 1

_____________________ are the minimal units of sound in a language, while _____________________ are the minimal units of meaning in a language.

Answer 1

Phonemes and morphemes

Question 2

_____________________ is another word for the rules of language or its grammar.

Answer 2

Syntax

Question 3

_____________________ involves changes in information and emphasis that convey meaning in speech beyond the meaning of words, such as the way we pause when talking or the inflection we use when asking questions.

Answer 3

Prosody

Question 4

In _____________________ dyslexia, phonetic reading is generally intact, but irregularly spelled words present difficulties. It is an impairment in whole-word reading.

Answer 4

Surface

Question 5

In _____________________ dyslexia, whole-word reading is generally intact, but phonetic reading is difficult. Unfamiliar and non-words present difficulties.

Answer 5

Phonological

Question 6

_____________________ is a branch of psychology that studies verbal behavior and related cognitive abilities.

Answer 6

Psycholinguistics

Question 7

_____________________ _____________________ are characteristics that can be found in all known languages.

Answer 7

Language universals

Question 8

Child-directed speech is also called _____________________.

Answer 8

Motherese

Question 9

_____________________ are made-up for objects or events that children create and use around one year of age. They utilize the phonemes of real speech.

Answer 9

Proto words

Question 10

British psychologist Charles Spearman proposed a _____________________ factor of intelligence: _____________________ factor.

Answer 10

General and G

Question 11

_____________________ _____________________ of various IQ tests shown that certain cognitive abilities fall into more overarching groups, such as verbal ability, short-term memory, and spacial ability.

Answer 11

Factor analysis

Question 12

_____________________ intelligence is the ability to detect relations in specified informational contexts, whereas _____________________ intelligence is the ability to use previously acquired information and skills.

Answer 12

Fluid and crystallized

Question 13

_____________________ contended that people don’t have one - or even a few - types of intelligence, but many. He believed that each type of intelligence was evolved and had distinct neurological underpinnings.

Answer 13

Gardeners Theory of Multiple Intellligence

Question 14

_____________________ are averaged data from large groups of people that allow an individual to be compared to their peers.

Answer 14

Norms

Question 15

The formula for ratio IQ is: (_____________________ age/ _____________________ age) x 100.

Answer 15

Mental and chronological

Question 16

_____________________ wanted to create an intelligence test that had multiple performance measures, was not limited to only a verbal test, and tried to avoid cultural and linguistic biases. His test is the most popular IQ test in current usage.

Answer 16

David Wechsler

Question 17

A _____________________ is an independent measure of the variable being assessed. An example of one in intelligence testing would be the academic grades.

Answer 17

Criterion

Question 18

The fact that average IQ scores go up a little with each successive generation is called the _____________________ effect.

Answer 18

Flynn

Question 19

_____________________, being a statistical measure of the degree to which variability in a trait results from genetic variability ACROSS A POPULATION, can tell us about how genes affect intelligence in a group of people, but not in an individual.

Answer 19

Heritability