lecture 8

Question 1

moral absolutism

Answer 1

I know that X is right

Question 1

moral relativism

Answer 1

moral principles and values are not universal but are instead shaped by cultural, societal, or individual perspectives “statement that X is right or wrong is synonymous with the statement that someone else approves/disapproves”

Question 2

pyrrhonian moral scepticism

Answer 2

“I believe that X is right or wrong”

Question 3

2 aspects of needing ethics

Answer 3

subjective and objective

Question 4

subjective aspect of needing ethics

Answer 4

people feel the need to justify their behaviour/explain why behaviour is acceptable or not

Question 5

objective aspect of needing ethics

Answer 5

many things deserve moral consideration

Question 6

intrinsic value

Answer 6

value to oneself

Question 7

instrumental value

Answer 7

value for others

Question 8

speciesism

Answer 8

assumption of human superiority, leading to animal exploitation

Question 9

Egalitarianism

Answer 9

all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities

Question 10

biocentrisism/ecocentrisism

Answer 10

rights and needs of humans are not more important than those of the living things

Question 11

mechanistic materialism

Answer 11

Reality is composed of bits of stuff that act in machine-like fashion