Lecture 8

Question 1

What is the perception of three-dimensional objects based on?

Answer 1

The relationship between highlight and shadow

This relationship is crucial for understanding depth and form in visual arts.

Question 2

What effect do concentrated beams of light have on objects?

Answer 2

They create higher contrast and deeper shadows, emphasizing form and texture

This technique can enhance the visual impact of artworks.

Question 3

How does lighting a vertical surface behind an object affect perception?

Answer 3

It provides a luminous backdrop to separate the object visually from its background.

Question 4

What is the benefit of lighting an object from the side as well as from above?

Answer 4

It provides added dimension to the piece.

Question 5

What happens when an object is lighted from an unconventional angle?

Answer 5

The expected relationship of highlight and shadow is reversed, disturbing perception.

Question 6

What are the two principal methods for lighting paintings and flat works of art?

Answer 6

Uniform illumination and non-uniform illumination.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of uniform illumination?

Answer 7

• Provides uniform lighting for all vertical surfaces receiving art
• Gives prominence to architecture
• No hierarchy among individual works of art
• Allows viewers to select their own focus
• Objects can be changed without readjusting lighting equipment.

Question 8

What is the purpose of non-uniform illumination?

Answer 8

It focuses light on individual works while leaving the surround in comparative darkness, creating a more dramatic environment.

Question 9

What lighting equipment is ideal for highlighting individual works of art?

Answer 9

Point source object lights.

Question 10

What is the optimum angle for a light source for flat works mounted on a vertical surface?

Answer 10

Usually at an angle of 30° from nadir to average eye level (5 ft 3 in AFF).

Question 11

What is a fundamental concern in the lighting of art?

Answer 11

Conservation of materials.

Question 12

What is the relationship between damage to materials and wavelength?

Answer 12

Damage is related to wavelength, with ultraviolet (UV) radiation causing more damage.

Question 13

What are the three steps to protect materials from potential damage caused by light and heat?

Answer 13

• Evaluate daylight exposure
• Evaluate electric light exposure
• Evaluate duration of exposure.

Question 14

What are the two lighting methods used in workplace lighting?

Answer 14

General-ambient approach and task-ambient approach.

Question 15

What are the two basic methods of providing ambient lighting?

Answer 15

• Down lighting (direct)
• Up lighting (indirect).

Question 16

What is the spacing criterion (SC) in down lighting?

Answer 16

The maximum recommended spacing between luminaires to achieve uniform ambient lighting.

Question 17

How do office partitions affect lighting in a workspace?

Answer 17

They block some overhead light from a direct system, preventing it from reaching work surfaces.

Question 18

What is the primary use of up lighting (indirect lighting)?

Answer 18

To create evenly luminous ceilings that reduce reflections.

Question 19

What is the effect of properly located indirect luminaires?

Answer 19

They produce even luminance.

Question 20

What can happen if indirect luminaires are improperly located?

Answer 20

They can produce areas of uneven luminance.