Lecture 7: Protein and Enzymes

Question 1

proteins

Answer 1

1. Structure/Flexibility (ex: collagen, elastin)
2. Strength (ex: muscle cells)
3. Immunity (ex: antibodies)
4. Membrane transport (ex: chloride channel)
5. Signal hormones (ex: insulin)
6. Catalyze chemical reactions (ex: enzymes)

Question 2

amino acids

Answer 2

the 20 building blocks of proteins that contain a central carbon atom bonded to hydrogen, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group (unique to each one); connected via a peptide bond (using carboxyl).

Question 3

enzymes

Answer 3

bring substrates together in a precise orientation at the active site and destabilizes bonds in the substrates allowing new bonds to form; function best in conditions with an evolved host. A final product is formed and released to complete a chemical reaction, fast enough to sustain life.

Question 4

R-groups

Answer 4

line the active site and form temporary covalent bonds that assist enzymes in the transfer of atoms from one reactant to another.

Question 5

induced fit

Answer 5

the substrate induces a slight change in the shape of an enzyme so it can fit perfectly.

Question 6

allosteric regulation

Answer 6

occurs when a regulatory molecule and binds somewhere other than the active site; less reversible.

Question 7

competitive inhibition

Answer 7

directly blocks the active site; more reversible.

Question 8

metabolic pathway

Answer 8

a specific molecule is attached in a series of steps that results in a final product- each of these steps is its own chemical reaction. In equilibrium, increasing the concentration on one side with drive the reaction in the direction of the other side.