Lecture 7 p1

Question 1

how does the transmitter Acetylcholine interact

Answer 1

The transmitter ACETYLCHOLINE interacts with distinct subclasses of cholinoceptors at different cholinergic synapses.

Question 2

what does the specificity of distinct cholinoceptors allow for

Answer 2

selective pharmacological interventions

Question 3

ACh serves as the mediator at terminals of

Answer 3

• All postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres
• Preganglionic synapses within both the sympathetic & parasympathetic ANS
• Neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

Question 4

Neurotransmitter ACh is usually very quickly hydrolyzed and inactivated by what highly active enzyme

Answer 4

acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 5

2 main groups of Cholinomimetics

Answer 5

Direct acting agonists vs Indirect acting enzyme inhibitors

Question 6

Muscarinic agonist: PILOCARPINE

Answer 6

Pilocarpine-containing eye drops for the treatment of glaucoma, a group of ocular diseases with abnormally high intraocular pressure. Reduction of IOP is achieved by contracting the ciliary muscle which increases aqueous outflow

Question 7

Enzymeinhibitor: NEOSTIGMINE

Answer 7

Neostigmine is a anticholinesterase drug used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Anti-AChE drugs increase the amount of ACh available in the synaptic cleft, thus counteracting MG.

Question 8

What is myasthenia gravis

Answer 8

an autoimmune disease in which neuromuscular transmission is defective due to the loss of functional nACh receptors in skeletal muscles.

Question 9

What Cholinergic Drug is a Muscarinic Agonists

Answer 9

Pilocarpine

Question 10

what is Pilocarpine used for

Answer 10

Treatment of glaucoma

Question 11

What Cholinergic Drug is a Muscarinic Antagonists

Answer 11

• Atropine
• Hyoscine

Question 12

What is Atropine used for

Answer 12

Blocking of vagal slowing of heart during surgery

Question 13

what is Hyoscine used for

Answer 13

Prevention of motion sickness

Question 14

What Cholinergic Drug is Ganglion-stimulating Nicotinic Agonists

Answer 14

Nicotine

Question 16

What Cholinergic Drug is Ganglion-blocking Drugs

Answer 16

• Trimetaphan
• Hexamethonium

Question 17

what are Trimetaphan and Hexamethonium used for

Answer 17

Anti-hypertensive action

Question 18

What Cholinergic Drug is Anti-Cholinesterases

Answer 18

• Neostigmine
• Phyostigmine

Question 19

what is Neostigmine used for

Answer 19

Reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade

Question 20

What is Phyostigmine used for

Answer 20

Treatment of myasthenia gravis

Question 21

What Cholinergic Drug is a Non-depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

Answer 21

• Tubocurarine
• Pancuronium

Question 22

What is Tubocurarine and Pancuronium used for

Answer 22

• Neuromuscular blockade
• used during surgery

Question 23

What Cholinergic Drug is a depolarizing Neuromuscular Blockers

Answer 23

Suxamethonium

Question 24

What is Suxamethonium used for

Answer 24

• Neuromuscular blockade
• used during surgery

Question 25

Nicotine properties

Answer 25

• Alkaloid
• Extracted from tobacco plant Nicotiana tabacum
• Activates a specific subclass of ACh receptors (nAChR)

Question 26

Muscarine properties

Answer 26

• Alkaloid
• Extracted from poisonous mushroom Amanita muscaria
• Activates a specific subclass of ACh receptors (mAChR)

Question 27

Where is the anatomical localisation of Ach muscarinic

Answer 27

Parasympathetic system

Question 28

What is the receptor type for ACh muscarinic

Answer 28

M-AChR: G-protein coupled seven-transmembrane receptor

Question 29

Where is the anatomical localisation of Ach nicotinic

Answer 29

• Sympathetic and parasympathetic system
• Skeletal muscle Neuromuscular junction

Question 30

What is the receptor type for ACh nicotinic

Answer 30

N-AChR: Five transmembrane subunit receptor Cation channel