Lecture 7 - Origins and Evolution of Life

Question 1

masking

Answer 1

exclusion of positions that does not help analysis

Question 2

tree searching

Answer 2

parsimony and neighbor joining are used to generate an initial tree to begin optimizing tree searching

Question 3

number of possible tree topologies

Answer 3

super-exponential

Question 4

bootstrapping

Answer 4

alignment resampled with replacement

Question 5

jackkniffing

Answer 5

alignment resampled without replacement

Question 6

bootstrap/jackknifing values

Answer 6

number or percentage or fraction of trees that contain the specific branch (bifurcation)

Question 7

bifurcation

Answer 7

division to two parts

Question 8

Bayesian

Answer 8

more thorough and takes more time

Question 9

lateral gene transfer (LGT/HGT)

Answer 9

genetic info. passed on sideways to unrelated

Question 10

xenologs

Answer 10

homologous sequences found due to HGT

Question 11

HGT occurence

Answer 11

• foreign DNA rarely spreads into popn

- core portions of DNA rarely ungergoes HGT

Question 12

core genome

Answer 12

present in all genomes and is resistant to gene transfer

Question 13

pan genome

Answer 13

genes present in the analyzed data