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PCM IV Exam 1 > Lecture 7: Nutritional Assessment > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Nutritional Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate caloric need (kcal/kg) to maintain wait in sedentary hospitalized pt vs. acute or severely ill pts (trauma, burn, etc.)?

A
  • Sedentary = 30-35 kcal/kg of BW
  • Acute/Severely ill = 35-40 kcal/kg of BW
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2
Q

Obesity can be defined as a BMI of?

A

≥30

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3
Q

Obesity can be defined as a waist circumference of what in both men and women; how is this measured?

A
  • Men = >40’‘
  • Women = >35’’
  • Circumference measured at the uppermost lateral border of the iliac crest during normal (minimal) respiration
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4
Q

Tetracyclines affect which 4 nutrients?

A

Calcium, magnesium, iron, and Vit B12

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5
Q

The Abx Neomycin and Kanamycin affect which 2 nutrients?

A

Fat-soluble vitamins and B12

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6
Q

The Abx Sulfasalazine affects which nutrient?

A

Folate

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7
Q

The anticonvulsants, Phenobarbital and Phenytoin, affect which 4 nutrients?

A

Calcium, Vit D, Folate, and Niacin

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8
Q

The cytotoxic agent, Methotrexate affects which nutrient?

A

Folate

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9
Q

Mineral oil used as a laxative affects which nutrients?

A

Water, electrolytes, fat and fat-soluble vitamins

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10
Q

The anti-tuberculosis drug, Isoniazid, affects which nutrients?

A

Pyridoxine (B6) and Niacin (B3)

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11
Q

The Thiazide diuretic, Furosemide, affects the status of which 4 nutrients?

A

K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and zinc

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12
Q

The medications, lithium and amiodarone affect the status of which nutrient?

A

Iodine

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13
Q

Unintentional weight loss of how much (%) over 6 months and 1-year is considered significant?

A
  • 5% over 6 months

or

  • 10% over 1-year
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14
Q

How to calculate % weight change?

A

%weight change = [(usual wt. - current wt.)/(usual wt.)] x 100

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15
Q

The thickness of which area of the body can be used to assess subcutaneous fat?

A

Tricep skinfold thickness: ~50% of body fat is subcutaneous

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16
Q

Rapid weight gain is more likely related to; while weight loss is related to?

A
  • Weight gain = fluid retention
  • Weight loss = tissue loss
17
Q

Dry and scaly skin w/ a cellophane appearance is related to a deficiency of which nutrient?

A

Protein

18
Q

Flaking dermatitis is related to which nutrient deficiency?

A

Zinc

19
Q

Follicular hyperkeratosis is related to which nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin A

20
Q

Pigmentation changes of skin, especially in sun exposed areas is related to which nutrient deficiency?

A

Niacin

21
Q

Petechiae of the skin is related to which nutrient deficiency?

A

Vitamin C

22
Q

Purpura of the skin is related to which nutrient deficiencies?

A

Vitamin C and Vitamin K

23
Q

Glossitis of the tongue is related to which nutrient deficiencies?

A

Riboflavin + Niacin + B vitamins + Folate and iron

24
Q

Angular stomatitis and cheilosis (dry, cracking, ulcerating lips) is related to which nutrient deficiencies?

A

Riboflavin, pyridoxine (B6), and Niacin

25
Q

Bleeding gums may be a sign of which 2 nutritional deficiencies?

A

Vit C and riboflavin

26
Q

Interosseous muscle atrophy, squaring off of shoulders, poor hand grip and leg strength (temporal, supraspinatus) may be associated with deficiencies of which nutrients?

A

Protein + calories + Vit D

27
Q

Tetany is associated with which 2 nutritional deficiencies?

A

Calcium and Mg2+

28
Q

Spooning of the nail beds is associated with which nutritional deficiency?

A

Iron

29
Q

Parotid enlargement is associated with which nutritional deficiency?

A

Protein

30
Q

Corkscrew hairs is associated with which nutritional deficiency?

A

Vitamin C

31
Q

Which lab value associated with inflammation may be helpful in identifying nurtritional deficiencies?

A
  • Albumin <3.5 g/dL is considered indicative of mild systemic inflammatory response
  • <2.4 g/dL represents severe systemic inflammatory response that produces anorexia (limiting food intake) and ↑ protein catabolism
32
Q

Which labs may be helpful in identifying iron, B12, and folate deficiencies?

A

CBC

33
Q

What does it mean when packaging says light in sodium/lightly salted or reduced fat/less fat?

A

Means there is at least 50% less than the regular product

34
Q

What does it mean when packaging says reduced sodium or reduced fat?

A

There is at least 25% less than the original product

35
Q

When a food label says trans fat free, what does this mean?

A

The food has <0.5 g trans fat per serving; doesn’t mean it’s not there

36
Q

Glossitis, stomatitis, vertigo and burning paresthesia’s are common with what nutritional deficiency?

A

Niacin

PCM IV Exam 1 (9 decks)

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