Lecture 7 material

Question 1

equity

Answer 1

treatment of individuals in their own social context and provide additional support based on the social context

Question 2

equality

Answer 2

everyone has access to the same resources

Question 3

health disparity

Answer 3

a statistically significant difference in health indicators that persists over time

Question 4

health inequity

Answer 4

differences in health that are not only unnecessary and avoidable but, in addition, are considered unfair and unjust

Question 5

what difference does a word make?

Answer 5

• because using health disparities can obfuscate the fundamental cause of health disparities as embedded in societal structures and policy decision
• health disparities mask the ethical principle of social justice which provides the moral imperative to address the causes
• the societal structures that underlie the unequal distribution of resources (and hence social inequalities) are economic, political, and ideological

Question 6

what term most clearly reflects a value orientation of social justice and most explicitly exposes the cause of health disparities as rooted in societal structures?

Answer 6

health inequities

Question 7

what are the most significant health disparities in Canada to socioeconomic status?

Answer 7

aboriginal identity, gender, and geographic location

Question 8

four determinants for health inequities

Answer 8

• exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions
• inadequate access to essential health and other public services
• health-damaging behaviours (where choice is restricted-look at their behaviour and determine if it is their choice)
• health-related social mobility involving the tendency of sick people to move down the social scale

Question 9

impacts of poor water quality

Answer 9

perception of water as being life-giving, pure, and medicinal was altered to a perception of it being toxic to physical, mental, and spiritual health

Question 10

health equity

Answer 10

• reflects the principle of social justice
• is based on a human rights perspective
• determined by social, economic, material, cultural, political structures
• includes access to health care and they social determinants of health
• requires an intersectoral approach

Question 11

emancipatory knowing

Answer 11

a critical approach to health that involves a “political economy perspective to emphasize historical, social, economic, and political factors that lead to social inequities and ultimately to health inequities

Question 12

emic

Answer 12

within a group

Question 13

etic

Answer 13

outside a group

Question 14

barriers to addressing health inequities

Answer 14

-the ideology of neoliberalism affecting Western democracies including Canada
- policy silos
- funding of the health care system (focus on curative services rather than health promotion and population health)
- the ideology of individual responsibility for health
- the focus on biomedical/behavioural lifestyle discources

Question 14

barriers to addressing health inequities

Answer 14

-the ideology of neoliberalism affecting Western democracies including Canada
- policy silos
- funding of the health care system (focus on curative services rather than health promotion and population health)
- the ideology of individual responsibility for health
- the focus on biomedical/behavioural lifestyle discources
- nurses education
- nurses working conditions
- fear of speaking the truth

Question 15

what does achieving health equity require?

Answer 15

health professionals, politicians, civil society, and other organizations that work toward decreasing or eliminating disparities

Question 16

what type of issue is health inequity?

Answer 16

social justice

Question 17

views of justice

Answer 17

• distributive justice (equality principle)
• market justice (acceptance of inequity)
• social justice (justice as an ethical responsibility)

Question 18

distributive justice

Answer 18

• refers to the equal distribution of goods and services in society
• a right of the citizen but not a moral responsibility
• focuses on giving the same access and resources to different groups in society
• major flaw: equality does not mean equity

Question 19

market justice

Answer 19

• posits that people are entitled only to those goods and services that they acquire according to guidelines of entitlement
• entitlements and privileges enable and maintain inequities
• major flaw: injustice creates and perpetuates inequities in health
• ex. prescription drugs, routine dental care

Question 20

social justice

Answer 20

is a concern for the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens in society
- dont want to place more burdens on one group than another

Question 21

CNA code of ethics

Answer 21

• social justice is the fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences. it focuses on the relative position of one social group in relation to others in society as well as the root causes of disparities and what can be done to eliminate them

Question 22

social inclusion

Answer 22

• being acknowledged, respected, valued
• a sense of belonging as a person, a group, a community
• the foundation for human dignity
• privilege

Question 23

privilege

Answer 23

legal and structural institutions maintain inclusion and power of the dominants group

Question 24

social exclusion

Answer 24

• being misrecognized or unrecognized, being othered, devalued
• different from the dominant group, stigmatized, less worthy
• denial of human dignity
• oppression

Question 25

oppression

Answer 25

legal and structural institutions maintain exclusion and disempowerment of the non dominant group

Question 26

social inclusion/social exclusion

Answer 26

• refers to participation or exclusion of material, psychosocial and political aspects of society
• a social determinant of health
• a way of examining
• a relational concept and a structural concept

Question 27

relational concept

Answer 27

the process that allows people to participate or be excluded from society

Question 28

structural concept

Answer 28

structures that determine oppression/privilege and access to wealth, resources, rights, and power, (in)equity

Question 29

the nursing mandate

Answer 29

• goal of nursing for the 21st century: elimination of health inequities

Question 30

two-pronged nursing approach

Answer 30

1. Providing sensitive empowering care at the individual/community level to those experiencing inequities
2. Working to change the environmental and social conditions that are the root cause of these inequities

Question 31

how to implement the nursing mandate?

Answer 31

• understanding the context of health inequities through emancipatory knowing
• understanding resources within the community
• understand what your community is like
• tackling health inequities
• addressing the barriers to health equity

Question 32

tackling health inequities

Answer 32

• provide sensitive (culturally safe and socially conscious) nursing care
• assist individuals and families to secure appropriate health-related services and support
• explain how ideologies of power shape the access and the quality of the social determinants

Question 33

global health and social responsibility in nursing

Answer 33

nursing has a social responsibility to address… the health of the worlds people, including concerns related to poverty, access to care in politically unstable climates and countries, and environmental conditions affecting health