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DMD biochem > lecture 7- hemoglobin/myoglobin > Flashcards

lecture 7- hemoglobin/myoglobin Flashcards

1
Q

40-50 % percent of blood volume is made of what

A

red blood cells = hematocrit

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2
Q

what is the partial pressure of oxygen in the atmoshphere?

A

160 mmhg

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3
Q

where is myoglobin found?

A

in the cytosol of the muscle

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4
Q

doping ( erthyopoietin, transfusions, high altitude) all have danger in what? and why?

A

stroke..increases the visocity of the blood, make it hard to get through capillaries

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5
Q

myoglobin stores for delivery to where?

A

mitochondria and metabolism

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6
Q

what two other things are transported by hemoglobin?

A

NO and CO2

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7
Q

what does NO do?

A

relaxation of muscle

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8
Q

explain structures of, and percent of similarities,

A

proteins look very similar, however have different amino acid seqeucnes. only have leas than 25% amino acid homology

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9
Q

which letters represent the alpha helical regions? in myoglobin

A

A-H

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10
Q

70% of alpha helices are in what form?

A

rod like

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11
Q

rod like characteristic of alpha does what?

A

provides stability, and hold on to prosthetic group

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12
Q

N terminal starts with what letter?

A

A

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13
Q

which amino acid aid in binding oxygen? and what are their names?

A

histidine . E7, F8

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14
Q

what provides reserve supply of oxygen?

A

myoglobin

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15
Q

how many major helical segments in myoglobin?

A

eight

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16
Q

four of the helices are terminated by thwat residues?

A

proline

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17
Q

what are the charged proteins in myoglobin

A

histidine

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18
Q

what is the prosthetic portion?

A

ferroprotoporphyrin heme group

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19
Q

what stabalizes the iron bond to molecular oxygen?

A

resonacne delocalization of the electron in the porphyrin ring

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20
Q

oxygen does what to the ferrous group?

A

oxidizes it into ferric

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21
Q

hemoglobin becomes what when ferrous becomes ferric?

A

methemoglobin

22
Q

which histidine dontates bond to oxygen?

A

E7, distal histideine

23
Q

ferrous group is coordinated to hoe many ligands or binding groups?

A

6

24
Q

oxygen binding curve for myoglobin is what shape?

A

hyperbolic

25
Q

what is the oxygen concentration in the capillaries?

A

20-30 mmhg

26
Q

myoglobin adjacent to capillaries is nearly what?

A

saturated

27
Q

what is the particlal pressure of oxygen at 50% saturation of the myoglobin?

A

2 mmhg

28
Q

what is the principal hemoglobin in adults?

A

hemoglobinm A1

29
Q

hemo globin is what type of graph? and what is it due to?

A

cooperativity sigmoidal

30
Q

when oxygenated hemoglobin moves to tissues wihth partial pressure of 20 mmhg the saturation level of hemoglibin drops to what? what percent of potential oxygen binding sites contribute?

A

32% 66%

31
Q

the binding of the first oxygen molecule to each hemoglobin molecile enhances the binding of the second oxygen molecule by a facor of what?

A

3

32
Q

when 3 oxygens are bonded to a hemoglobin, what is the affinity for the fourth oxygen molecule?

A

20 times that of full deoxy

33
Q

the strongest contacts are between which two things?

A

alpha and beta

34
Q

how far does iron move upon oxygenation?

A

.4

35
Q

on oxygenation, what is the rotation between alpha one and beta one?

A

15 degrees

36
Q

BPG stabailizes what?

A

the deoxy form of hemoglobin

37
Q

hydrogen atoms, and carbon dioxide all favor what?

A

the deoxy form

38
Q

histidine beta 143 is replaces by what in fetal hemoglobin?

A

serine

39
Q

who do fetal hemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than maternal?

A

the replacing of histidine with serine, decreases affinity for BPG, and therefor binds oxygen more readily

40
Q

what is the prinicipal hemoglobin in fetal? consisting of which chains?

A

hemoglobin F. 2 alpha and 2 gamma

41
Q

as you increase the PH, what happens to oxygen affinity?

A

as decrease PH, you decrease oxygen affinity

42
Q

what is the haldane effect?

A

deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide

43
Q

how does a oximeter measure pulse?

A

measuring absorption of hemoglobin and myoglobin. they absorb diff wave lengths

44
Q

is full oxygenated hemoglobin diamagnetic or para? magnetic or non

A

dia. non

45
Q

is deoxy diamagnetic or para? magnetic or not?

A

para. magnetic

46
Q

how does magnetic resonance imaging work?

A

measures amount of diamagtnetic and paramagentic in brain to see which part is working.

47
Q

sickle cell anemia causes what as far as dental work

A

block capillaries and rupture, inflammation, pain, poor bone development, gingival lesions, caries, perio, anema, infections, renal failure

48
Q

sickle cell is caused by what?

A

a change from glutamate to a valine in position 6 on the neta 1 strand

49
Q

what do sickle cells tend to do in blood?

A

aggregate together forming long fibers, causing hydrophobic interactions

50
Q

does sickle cell have a higher or lowe PI than normal hemoglobin?

A

higher

51
Q

what is thalassemia cause by?

A

caused by loss of single hemoglobin chain, leading to low levels of functional hemoglobin, and decreased production of red blood cells leading to anema

52
Q

alpha thalessemia causes loss of what?

A

cooperativity

DMD biochem (7 decks)

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