Lecture 7: Engaging Citizens Flashcards
what is governance
- Any organized form of delivery of public or collective goods and services according to specific norms and logic
- Compromise between the actors and instruments of public, market and community regulation
shift from government to governance of natural resources
Giving a voice to all the stakeholders –> multistakeholder governance
Ostrom
governance of natural resources as commons
what does Ostrom do?
overcome the tragedy of the commons
tragedy of the commons is coming from…
the self-interest of individuals and the competitiveness of different companies
public choice school
The base of public choice has been to understand public and common goods, compared to private goods. How can connective goods be provided to a group and how to exclude free-riding
–> cooperation instead of competition is needed
overcoming the tragedy of the commons
individuals vary in their preferences and therefore cooperation is
needed
property rights
Various strands in a bundle of rights
related to a unit of land and associated
natural resources may include:
- Right to use
- Right to manage
- Right to transfer (assign or reassign) use and management rights
- Right to own
private property
occurs when the strands of the property rights bundle are held by a natural or legal person
common property
exists where property rights strands are shared among members of a community or association
public property
is established when the strands of the bundle are concentrated, held and managed by the government
open access
occurs where either no specific rights to land or natural resources have been assigned or claimed by holders
difference in rights between continents
In Europe we mostly talk about individual property rights, but in for example Africa it is more about community rights
favourite rights - neoclassical economists
Neoclassical is favoring private property in order to make the best of it
balance decision-making in polycentric governance / mixed property regimes
Strong balance between centralized and decentralized (community-based) forms of decision making
polycentric governance / mixed property regimes: decision making
Everyone was involved in taking decisions –> fund compromise between all these actors
importance of trust –> everyone should cooperate to avoid free-riding
- clear definition
- adapted to local conditions
- collective-choice arrangements
- effective monitoring
- graduated santions
- mechanisms of conflict resolutions
- self-determination of the community
- organization in the form of multiple layers
trust: connection
Trust is connected to justice, values, honesty, beliefs, knowledge etc
importance of trust: clear definition
Clear definition of the contents of the common pool resource and effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties
importance of trust: adapted to local conditions
The appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions
importance of trust: collective-choice arrangements
Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process
importance of trust: effective monitoring
Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators
importance of trust: graduated sanctions
A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules
importance of trust: mechanisms of conflict resolutions
Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access
importance of trust: self-determination of the community
Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities
importance of trust: organization in multiple layers
In the case of larger common-pool resources, organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level
