Lecture 7: Cardiovascular Assessment: Heart and Neck Vessels

Question 1

Learning Objectives

Answer 1

Described the structure and function of the heart and neck vessels
Perform a physical assessment of the heart and neck vessels using the correct techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
Document and verbally report accurate assessment findings of the heart and neck vessels

Question 2

Heart pumps (high to low pressure)

Answer 2

Right- oxygen poor-blue, pulmonary arteries away from heart
Left- oxygen rich- red, pulmonary veins to the heart

Question 3

Structure and function:
Precordium

Answer 3

Area on the anterior chest directly overlying the heart and great vessels

Question 4

Structure and function: heart

Answer 4

Base
- 2nd ICS
NOT THE BOTTOM but the top

Apex
5th ICS MCL
Apical Pulse
MPI-LMCL

Question 5

Heart wall structure:

pericardium

epicardium

myocardium (middle)

endocardium

Answer 5

pericardium: fibrous sac around heart
pericardial fluid
epicardium: outside layer

myocardium:
- heart muscle
- responsible for pumping action

endocardium:
- inside layer of tissue

Question 6

Structure and function: 4 chambers

atria

Answer 6

Rt/Lt Atria “anterooms”
Thin-walled reservoir for holding blood
Primer pumps for the ventricles
Passively fill 2/3 of diastole
Contract last 1/3 of diastole = “atrial kick” & see the “P” wave

Question 7

Structure and function: 4 chambers

ventricles

Answer 7

thick-walled, muscular pumping chamber,
QRS complex

left ventricle is the workhorse of the heart, high pressure