Lecture 7 Bacterial Pathogens Part III Flashcards
Spiral/curved-shaped bacteria
Systemic disease—->
Gastrointestinal disease——>
Systemic —-> Treponema palidum, borrelia burgdorfei, leptospira species
Gastrointestinal —>helicobacter pylori, campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholerae
Treponema palladium
Causes
Shape
Transmission
Causes syphillis
Spirochete (spiral shaped) bacterium
Sexually transmitted infection with a long, controversial hx
Syphilis (primary), signs and symptoms, incubation period
Chancre, lymphadenopathy
Approx 3 weeks
Syphillis (secondary), signs and symptoms, incubation period
Signs and symptoms: rash,fever,malaise,lymphadenopathy, mucosal, lesions, condyloma lata, alopecia, meningitis, headaches
Incubation period: 2-12 weeks
Syphillis (latent), signs and symptoms, incubation period
Asymptomatic
< 1 year =early
> 1year=late
Syphilis (Tertiary), signs and symptoms, incubation period
Cardiovascular:
-aortic aneurysms, aortic regurgitation, coronary artery Ostial stenosis
-10-30yrs
Neurosyphilis:
-headache, meningitis,cranial nerve, palsies,vertigo, dementia, psychosis, pupil finding, lighting pains
-2-20yrs
Gummatous:
- mass like lesions anywhere
- approx 15 yrs
Syphilis (congenital), signs and symptoms, incubation period
Signs: mucocutaneous lesion, osteochondritis, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, meurosyphillis
Incubation period: NA
Borrelia burgdorfei
Shape
Cause
Transmission
Spirochete
Causative agent of Lyme disease
Transmission through tick bites
Lyme disease (early localized infection)
Clinical manifestation
Timing after tick bite
- Erythema migrants, non specific symptoms: fatigue, malaria, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, lymphadenopathy
- Days to one month
Lyme disease ( Early disseminated infection)
Clinical manifestations
Timing after tick bite
Carditis, neurological disease, migratory arthralgias, multiple erythema migrants lesions, lymphadenopathy, eye involvement, liver disease, kidney disease
Weeks to months
Lyme disease (Late disseminated infection)
Clinical manifestation
Timing after tick bite
Arthritis, of one or more joints, neurologic disease, skin disease
Months to years
Leptospira species
Shape
Reservoir
Entry into humans via ….
Severity ranges
-Shape: spirochete
- rodents most important reservoir
- gains entry into humans via cuts,mucous membranes, ingestions, or inhalation
Wide range of severity:
- fever,chills,headache ( 80%)
- N/V/D (30%)
- conjunctival suffusion (50%)
- respiratory symptoms (30%)
- kidney failure (40-70%)
- liver dysfunction (>50%)
- meningitis (50-85%)
Helicobacter pylori
Gram negative, curved bacterium
Found almost exclusively in humans
Peptic ulcer disease
Gastritis
Gastric adenocarcinoma
Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Mycoplasma/ureaplasma species of medical importance…
M.pneumoniae
M. Hominis
M. Genitalium
U. Urealyticum
U. Parvum
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Main clinical syndromes
Inhibited by…
Virulence factors
Main clinical syndromes: trachea bronchitis, URTI - coryza,pharyngitis, otitis media, atypical pneumonia ( up to 20% cap)
Inhibited by antibiotics
Virulence factors:
- adherence to respiratory epithelium, community acquired respiratory distress syndrome
Mycoplasma genitalium
Transmission
Females, males (where?)
Extremely slow-growing fastidious
Sexually transmitted
Female : cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease
Males: Urethritis
Chlamydia species
Bacteria??
Cell wall?
C.trachomatis, C. Pneumoniae, C. Psittaci
Lack a cell wall
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serotypes
Multiple serotypes with different disease associations
A,B,C: Trachoma
D-K : Urethritis, cervicitis, and others
L1,L2,L3 : lymphogranuloma venereum
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serotypes A-C trachoma
Chronic keratoconjunctivits
Leading cause of blindness worldwide
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serotypes D-K
Males
Females
Newborns
Transmission
—Genitourinary infection
Sexually transmitted infection.
Males: urethritis, urethral discharge, dysuria, testicular pain
Females: Cervictis, vaginal discharge, dysuria, dyspareunia, conjunctivitis
Newborn: Conjunctivitis, pneumonia
Chlamydia trachomatis
Serotypes L1,L2,L3
Lymphogranuloma Venerum
Rare cause of disease in industrialized countries
Primary:Painless small Paulette/ulcer
Secondary: painful enlarged lymph nodes
Tertiary : Anogenital fibrosis, strictures, elephantiasis and extensive ulcerations
Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. Psittaci
Transmission and causes
C. Pneumoniae : transmitted between humans via respiratory secretions
C. Psittaci : causes ornithosis or psittacosis
- found in feces, urine, and respiratory and secretions of bird
- Psittacine birds at highest risk
