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Anatomy > Lecture-7 Axilla & Arm > Flashcards

Lecture-7 Axilla & Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

2 heads: -Clavicular head
-Sternocostal Head
Inserts: crest if greater tubercle of humerus/lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus
Innervation: lateral/medial pectoral nerves
Action: -adducts, medial rotation, flex humerus, scapula protraction
-enclosed in pwctoral fascia

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2
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: ribs 3-5
Inserts: -coracoid process
Innervation: - medial pectoral nerve
Action: -Stabilizes scapula against thorax wall by drawing it anteriorly and inferiorly

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3
Q

Subclavius

A

-Attaches clavicle to 1st rib
-Innervation: subclavian nerve
Action: depresses scapula

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4
Q

Serratus Anterior

A

Inserts: attaches to medial scapular border
Innervation: long thoracic nerve
Action: -protraction, upward rotation of scapula

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5
Q

Axila

A
  • pyramidal shaped region at junction of upper extremity/thorax
  • transmits nerves/vessels between neck/thorax proximally and the upper extremity distally
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6
Q

Axillary contents

A
  • axillary artery + branches
  • axillary vein +tributaries
  • axillary lymph nodes +lymph vessels
  • Parts of brachial plexus
  • axillary sheath of fascia
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7
Q

Borders of Axilla

A

Apex: formed by convergence of clavicle, scapula, and 1st rib
Base: formed by axillary fascia
Anterior wall: pec major and minor + fascia
Posterior wall: anterior part of scapula and scapular muscles
Lateral wall: intertubercular groove of humerus, tendon of long head of biceps braccii traverses the intertubercular groove

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8
Q

Axillary Artery

A

-begins at lateral border of 1st rib, ends at inferior border of teres major
-divided into 3 parts by pec minor
First part: -medial to pec minor -one branch: superior thoracic artery
Second part: -posterior to pec minor - 2 branches: -Thoracoacromial artery
(4 branches: pectoral, clavicular, deltoid, acromial)
-Lateral thoracic artery
Third part: -lateral to pec minor -3 branches: -subscapular -anterior circumflex -posterior circumflex

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9
Q

Axillary Vein

A
  • A continuation of basilic vein
  • at inferior border of teres minor
  • turns to subclavian at lateral broder of 1st rib
  • cephalic vein pierces costocoracoid membrane to enter medial part of axillary vein
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10
Q

Brachial plexus

A

-goes inferior and deep to clavicle
-has region superior to claavicle and distal to clavicle
C5-T1
Primarily responsible for motor and sensory
-thoracoappendicular and appendicular muscles

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11
Q

Musculocutaneous

A
  • Terminal Branch
  • C5,6,7
  • provides innervation to anterior arm
  • becomes lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
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12
Q

Median

A
  • Terminal Branch
  • C6-T1
  • Innervates anterior compoartment of forearm -except flexor carpi ulnaris and part of flexor digitorum profundus
  • innervates thenar muscls and lateral 2 lumbricals in hand
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13
Q

Ulnar

A

-Terminal Branch
-C8-T1
Innervates 2 and a half muscles

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14
Q

Radial

A
  • Terminal Branch
  • From posterior cord
  • C5-T1
  • innervates posterior aspect of upper extremity
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15
Q

Axillary

A

-Terminal Branch
From posterior cord
-C5,6
-innervates deltoid, teres minor, long head of triceps

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16
Q

Dorsal Scapular

A
  • From root level

- C5

17
Q

Suprascapular

A

-From trunk
level
-C5,6
-to supraspinatus and infraspinatus

18
Q

Nerve to subclavius

A
  • From trunk level

- C5

19
Q

Lateral/medial pectoral

A
  • From cord level
  • C5,6,7 / C8,T1
  • To pec majorm medial nerve also supplies pec minor
20
Q

Upper subscapular

A
  • From cord level
  • C5,6
  • to subscapularis
21
Q

middle subscapular/thoraco dorsal

A
  • From cord level
  • C6,7,8
  • To lat. dorsi
22
Q

lower subscapular

A
  • From cord level
  • C6,7,8
  • to subscapularis and teres major
23
Q

Long thoracic

A
  • From root level

- C5,6,7

24
Q

Lesion types

A

Avulsion: nerve torn from spine, can’t heal
Rupture: nerve is torn but not at spinal attachment
Neuroma: nerve torn and healed, but scar tissue puts pressure on injured nerve and prevents it from conducting signals to muscles
Neuropraxia: - damaged but not torn

25
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Distal Attachment: Radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm
Proximal Attachment: short head: tip of coracoid long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Action: Supinates forearm, flexes forearm

26
Q

Brachialis

A

Distal Attachment: Coronoid process and ulnnar tuberosity
Proximal Attachment: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)
Action:Flexes forearm in all positions

27
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Distal Attachment: Middle third of medial surface of humerus
Proximal Attachment: Tip of coracoid process
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6,7)
Action: flex and adduct arm

28
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates: -coracobrachialis -biceps brachii -brachialis

- gives rise to lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

29
Q

Median nerve

A

-travels distally behind biceps entering forearm in cubital fossa -no innervation of arm

30
Q

Ulnar nerve

A
  • most medial, passes to forearm posterior to medial epicondyle
  • no innervation of arm
31
Q

Radial nerve

A
  • innervates triceps brachii
  • descends posterior to humerus along radial groove
  • ccourses anteriorly at distal humerus and crosses anterior to lateral condyle
32
Q

Brachial Artery

A
  • Deep artery of arm (profunda brachii)
  • muscular branches
  • middle collateral
  • radial collateral
  • humeral nutrient branch
  • superior ulnar collateral
  • inferior ulnar collateral
  • muscular branches
33
Q

Triangular space

A

Made by: -long head of triceps brachii
-teres minor -teres major
passage to posterior arm for:
-circumflex scapular artery

34
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Made by: -long head of triceps brachii -teres major -teres minor -neck of humerus
passage to posterior arm for: -posterior circumflex humeral artery -axillary nerve

35
Q

Triangle interval

A

Made by: - teres major -long head of triceps brachii -shaft of humerus
passage to posterior arm for: -radial nerve
-deep artery of the arm

Anatomy (7 decks)

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